The baby's brain growth slows down at 22 weeks. There is a maturation of its certain structures responsible for tactile sensations - the fetus examines itself and everything around by touch, actively sucks its finger. Nerve connections are established, already formed neurons of the brain mature. Sweat glands are actively involved in the work.

This is what your baby looks like at 10 weeks

The baby still has enough free space in the mother's tummy, and he actively uses it, constantly rotates, kicks. The pregnant woman feels these "swims" as movements and jolts.

Most of the day, the fetus sleeps, the period of its rest should be about 22 hours, and, according to the law of meanness, it begins to stay awake when the mother goes to bed.

Taste buds react to the food the mother is eating - sugary foods lead to swallowing amniotic fluid more actively, to acidic (if monitored with ultrasound) - the baby frowns.

Ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation

It is still possible to perform a second screening ultrasound at 22 weeks, if not in time at 21. All organs of the fetus are clearly visible and the specialist carefully evaluates their shape, size, excludes the presence of defects.

In addition, the study protocol includes a mandatory assessment of the compliance of the size of the fetus with the gestational age, size, location, condition of the placenta.

The following measurements are required: biparietal size, frontal-occipital size, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur, humerus, forearm bones, shin bones and their assessment using tables.

What happens in your body at 22 weeks?

Weight gain and an increase in the tummy continue. The uterus is enlarged and is located 2-3 cm above the navel.

The permissible weight gain per week is 300-500 grams, the excess of these indicators may indicate edema. The danger of fluid retention in the body is edema of the placenta and a deterioration in its blood supply, and, therefore, a deterioration in the nutrition of the fetus.

Hormonal levels and an increased need for microelements can lead to bleeding of the gums; to combat this trouble, it is worth picking up a toothpaste, a brush, and also using vitamin and mineral complexes.

Often, a woman is accompanied by a constant nasal congestion. The condition can be relieved by rinsing the nose with a sea salt solution.

Weakness and dizziness are caused by a physiological decrease in hemoglobin.

Your feelings at 22 weeks

Habitual and acceptable at 22 weeks are heartburn, back pain, swelling of the lower extremities. But pulling or cramping pains in the lower abdomen should alert a pregnant woman, especially if they are of a constant, obsessive nature. Increased tone of the uterus in combination with pulling pain in the lower back and bloody discharge- alarm bell! Get help immediately.

From week 22, Braxton-Higgins training contractions may occur, they are irregular, do not cause pain, and are not accompanied by bloody discharge.

Discharge from the genital tract

The nature of the discharge at this stage of pregnancy is light, moderate, with an unobtrusive sour smell. A change in the color of the discharge towards yellow or green indicates the addition of an infection that must be treated without fail - an untreated infection from the vagina can rise into the uterine cavity and infect the baby.

There should be no bloody discharge from the genital tract. If even insignificant smearing discharge is found, the help of a gynecologist is required.

The mucous membrane can bleed after intercourse, especially if there is erosion. But it is possible to accurately establish such a source only when examining a woman with the help of mirrors. If there are no mucosal injuries, placental abruption may be the likely cause of bleeding - bright discharge indicates a recent detachment, dark brown discharge indicates a long-standing case.

Significant liquid discharge may indicate leakage of amniotic fluid. For diagnostics, special tests are carried out and an ultrasound scan is performed.

Photo of tummies at 22 weeks

Examinations at 22 weeks

Analyzes and additional examination methods are prescribed according to indications.

Risks at 22 weeks

The most common cause of abortion at 22 weeks is ICI (cervical insufficiency), a condition in which the cervix cannot support the weight of the fetus. The cervix opens, the fetal bladder protrudes, ruptures, and premature birth occurs.

Another danger is rupture of membranes, leakage of amniotic fluid.

The pregnant uterus compresses the ureters and the outflow of urine can be disrupted and, as a result, an infection of the urinary system develops.

Important at 22 weeks

Do not be lazy to change your wardrobe, choose the right underwear, shoes, loose outerwear.

It is very important to communicate with the growing baby, he hears you and understands everything. He feels all emotions and experiences them together with his mother, even fear and pain. Often, on very strong emotions, the baby begins to behave overly actively and may even take wrong position in the uterus, or provoke premature labor. Do not worry about trifles, relax, if necessary, take a sedative.

The stress on the joints, spine and circulatory system increases. Use a bandage for constant wear, it will help support the tummy and relieve the spine. Do not sit cross-legged, because this disrupts blood circulation in the small pelvis. Learn to sleep on your side using a pillow that can be placed under your belly or knee, which will greatly ease the condition and improve sleep.

Meals at 22 weeks

Meals should be complete and varied. Be sure to have vegetables, fruits, dairy products, meat and fish on your plate. To quench your thirst, it is better to use freshly squeezed juices, compotes, fruit drinks, water, green tea... But leave the packaged juices, coffee and strong tea to relatives. Avoid alcoholic drinks and soda entirely.

Mode

Fresh air, evening walks, a good night's sleep are important components of the correct regimen for a pregnant woman.

Do not stay too long! A sedentary lifestyle disrupts blood circulation in the uterus, and makes the intestines even more "lazy".

Your pregnancy calendar

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From 21 to 27 weeks, your baby develops a sense of touch, and also forms unique, inherent only fingerprints.

When you stroke or press lightly on your belly, you can feel the baby twirl or push in response. He can already touch his face and everything he can reach, including the umbilical cord.

By 23 weeks, your baby will learn to swallow. Soon, you may feel someone hiccuping inside you.

Don't worry, hiccups are completely normal and your baby may hiccup several times a day.

3d ultrasound at all stages of pregnancy

Millions of tiny branches form in your baby's lungs. These are the so-called bronchioles.

It sounds incredible, but your baby is already trying to breathe by inhaling and exhaling small amounts of amniotic fluid.

If it happens that the baby is born at 24 weeks, then he will already be able to survive, provided that he receives appropriate medical assistance.

At 27 weeks, the baby can reflexively open his eyelids, but he cannot see yet.

The baby has already formed lips and has tiny taste buds on the tongue.

He weighs about 1 kilogram and is about 33 centimeters tall.

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Feeling a woman at 22 weeks

The feelings of the expectant mother do not yet darken her condition and do not prevent her from enjoying life. The tummy is already of a decent size, but you can still see your legs and tie the laces on your shoes yourself.

A number of new features are still present:

The baby's movements become more active and frequent. Sometimes you can even guess what parts of the body he is kicking with. During the day, at least ten movements of the child should be felt;
It becomes difficult to find a comfortable resting position;
The woman becomes extremely sensitive to events, words, and smells and tastes.

What are the forums saying?

And I have my first pregnancy. I did an ultrasound. We are waiting for the boy))

Were on the ultrasound! They showed us our little arms-legs-heart))) The babies swim there, and they don't blow in the mustache! I burst into tears. Toxicosis is behind, the tummy is round, thank you for the doctor - there are no more threats.))

And we have a daughter!)) The size of the head, however, on all the ultrasound was a little less than the term, but the doctor said that it was normal.

Today I was on a scheduled ultrasound. The term is 22 weeks. The toddler lies with its head down, and very low. The uterus is in good shape ((. The doctor did not put it on preservation, she only prescribed a kilogram of pills.

I did an ultrasound at 22 weeks, and the tone was also on the front wall of the uterus. We were sent to the hospital. The main thing is not to worry, to rest more. And if absolutely - an ambulance, of course.

What happens in a woman's body at the 22nd week

At this time, a woman may be worried an abundance of secretions... The reason for being examined by a doctor is an unpleasant odor and a greenish (brown) tint of discharge. Their transparency in the absence of itching is a normal phenomenon, solved by panty liners;
There is the possibility of soreness and bleeding of the gums... You should select a special toothpaste and take multivitamin preparations (of course, consulting a doctor before use);
Nasal congestion may also appear at this time. This is fine. Bleeding of the same nose requires checking with a doctor for high blood pressure. Ease the condition of congestion with drops based on sea salt;
Possible attacks of weakness and dizziness... The reason for the increased sensitivity that develops by this time is physiological anemia. The volume of blood is growing, and the cells do not have time to form in the required amount;
There is a significant increase in appetite;
Weight gains - more than 300-500 grams within a week. Exceeding these indicators may indicate fluid retention in the body;
Sex is especially pleasant in the 22nd week. It is during this period that women often experience their first orgasm in their lives;
The 22nd week also becomes the period when the expectant mother first learns what it is swelling, heartburn, varicose veins, back pain etc.

Most dangerous symptoms at 22 weeks

Feeling of drawing pain in the abdomen, stone and contraction of the uterus;
Discharge of an incomprehensible nature: brown, orange, greenish, abundant watery, which intensifies when walking, and, of course, bloody;
Unnatural fetal behavior: excessive activity and lack of movement for more than a day;
Temperature increased to 38 degrees (and above). (Treatment of ARVI requires a doctor's consultation);
Back pain, when urinating, and when combined with fever;
Diarrhea (diarrhea), a feeling of pressure on the perineum and bladder(these symptoms may be the onset of labor).

What dangers lie in wait for the 22nd obstetric week?

One of the reasons for the termination of pregnancy at 22 weeks is sometimes ICI (isthmic-cervical insufficiency). In ICI, the cervix is inconsistent and prone to opening under the weight of the fetus. Which, in turn, leads to infection, then to rupture of the membranes and, as a result, premature birth.

Threat manifestations for a period of 22 weeks:

Pain in the abdomen of a pulling-cutting character;
Strengthening and unusual discharge;
Often, childbirth at this time begins with a sudden and premature rupture of amniotic fluid (every third case). You should see your doctor right away if you experience embarrassing symptoms.

Fetal development at 22 weeks

Baby weight already reaches 420-500 grams, which gives him the opportunity, in case of premature birth, to survive. Length from the crown of the baby to his sacrum- about 27-27.5 cm.

At 22 weeks, the baby's active brain growth slows down. The stage of intensive development begins at the sweat glands and tactile sensations. The fetus examines itself and everything that surrounds it by touch... His favorite pastime is sucking his fingers and grabbing with the handles everything he can reach;
The child still has enough room in the mother's stomach, which he uses, actively changing his position and kicking his mother in all available places. In the morning he can lie with his ass down, and by nightfall it’s the other way around, which a pregnant woman feels like wiggles and jolts;
Most of the time, the baby sleeps - up to 22 hours during the day... Moreover, in most cases, the periods of the baby's wakefulness occur at night;
The child's eyes are already open and react to light.- if you direct the light to the anterior abdominal wall, then it will turn to its source;
In full swing setting up nerve connections... The neurons of the brain are formed;
Baby Reacts to Mom's Food at. When the mother uses hot spices, the baby frowns (the taste buds in the oral cavity are also already functioning), and when eating sweets, it swallows amniotic fluid;
Reacts to loud sounds and remembers voices;
If you put your hand on your stomach, it can respond with a push.

Woman's body and belly

For a period of 22 weeks, the belly does not bother the expectant mother too much. The bottom of the uterus is determined just above the navel by two to four cm. Discomfort is possible due to stretched ligaments of the uterus. It is expressed in pain on the sides of the abdomen.

The body of a pregnant woman gradually adapts to carrying a baby. The size of the abdomen at this time depends on the tone of the muscles of the abdominal anterior wall and, of course, on the position of the fetus.

Ultrasound, photo and video of fetal development

22 weeks is an important screening time.

The focus of ultrasound is on such points as:

Exclusion (identification) of malformations
Correspondence of the size of the fetus to the expected date
Study of the state of the placenta and amniotic fluid

Is ultrasound harmful for an unborn child?

The harm from this procedure has no scientific explanation or evidence. But it is impossible to argue that ultrasound does not affect the genetic material of a person, since the ultrasound method entered into practice not so long ago.

Biometric parameters of the child, which are reflected by the transcript of the ultrasound:

Child's height

3D (3d) ultrasound during pregnancy

With the development of ultrasound technology, modern pregnant women have entered a new wave of ultrasound development, the transition from two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound to three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound during pregnancy. More and more women are opting for this new, much more realistic ultrasound scan.

Unfortunately, such devices are not available everywhere, especially in the post-Soviet space; moreover, the cost of 3D ultrasound during pregnancy is not yet acceptable for everyone. But if there is such an opportunity, then doctors recommend, if necessary, to carry out such a 3D ultrasound in a timely manner due to the possibility of accurate consideration and timely detection of certain developmental abnormalities.

As a rule, today it is prescribed in the middle of pregnancy, at 18-20 weeks of gestation. But if you wish, you can track the development of pregnancy in a three-dimensional image from the very beginning of pregnancy, it is advisable not earlier than 7 weeks of pregnancy ..

Samples of images obtained during 3D ultrasound during pregnancy, starting from the seventh week of pregnancy, you can see below.

3D ultrasound at the 7th week of pregnancy

The study takes twice as long as the already familiar 2D study, you will have to spend more than half an hour on it.

Get ready immediately for the fact that the child can take a disadvantageous position for you, turning his back to you or putting his leg out, and a beautiful "photo" in the album will not work.

And also get ready for the fact that you will have to pay a lot of money for 3D ultrasound.

3D ultrasound at 8 weeks of gestation

Ultrasound refers to elastic waves of sound, inaudible to humans, with a frequency exceeding 20 kHz. Many animals, fish and dolphins communicate with the help of ultrasonic waves, so ultrasound is quite natural for humans.

3D ultrasound at the 9th week of pregnancy

The devices used for ultrasound work in pulses, and the irradiation time is rather short. Half of the ultrasonic waves are absorbed and reflected by the tissues presenting, and do not reach the fetus itself.

3D ultrasound at 10 weeks pregnant

The ultrasound process (and 2, and 3, and 4D) is such a set of operations: the ultrasound emitter concentrates the signal into a narrow beam and directs it to the area under study, and collects the reflection of the waves sent back onto its surface, already acting as a scanner. The information received by the ultrasonic emitter is transmitted to the control panel, where it is already converted into an image on the screen.

3D ultrasound at 11 weeks pregnant

What is the fundamental difference between 3D ultrasound and 2D?

Already familiar to us, two-dimensional research, allows us to obtain a picture with an image of the fetus only in length and height, and with 3D it is already possible to consider the unborn child in length, height and depth. To date, another available type of 4D ultrasound examination has appeared, which allows taking into account the fourth indicator - time. This makes it possible to see the dynamic movements of the fetus, which it does in this moment, as he grimaces, moves his fingers, head and moves his legs.

3D ultrasound at 12 weeks gestation

Many factors affect the quality of the resulting image.

This is the weight of a pregnant woman, the position of the fetus and its activity, the amount of amniotic fluid and the presence of various formations and scars on the abdomen (for example, after operations)

3D ultrasound at 13 weeks of gestation

In addition to photographs, during 3D ultrasound of the fetus, future parents are also given an electronic carrier (usually a CD) with the entire ultrasound examination process.

3D ultrasound at 14 weeks of gestation

At the moment, the harm caused by an ultrasound scan on a fetus or a pregnant woman has not been studied. However, doctors do not recommend that doctors carry out 3D ultrasound during pregnancy without special medical indications, but, for example, simply because of the parents' desire to see the baby as soon as possible and get his photo.

3D ultrasound at 15 weeks of gestation

Development new technology was designed to diagnose early signs of congenital malformations of the fetus. In case of detection of pathological processes on a conventional, two-dimensional ultrasound, a modern doctor will definitely send a pregnant woman to a 3D ultrasound to clarify the diagnosis. An experienced doctor very carefully examines the development of the fetus during the study, and does not just take a "photo for memory".

3D ultrasound at 16 weeks of gestation

It is possible to carry out this ultrasound from the first trimester of pregnancy, but this is usually done from the point of view of research activities, and not during the usual management of pregnancy. The thing is that on early dates significant deviations cannot be seen, but what is possible will be shown by a conventional ultrasound. Volumetric echography is usually prescribed no earlier than 20 weeks of pregnancy, it is at this time that fetal malformations are easily detected.

3D ultrasound at 17 weeks of gestation

As the gestation period increases, the image of the baby becomes more realistic, familiar to us, and the resulting photograph contains a human-shaped picture. But, if you want to get a photo for sure, then do not delay from 3D ultrasound until the third trimester, since by this time the amount of amniotic fluid decreases and the image quality may be worse.

3D ultrasound at 18 weeks of gestation

Is ultrasound safe - still no one can reliably say. A three-dimensional study in terms of the degree and principle of irradiation is identical to the standard, two-dimensional, therefore, we should not talk about 3D ultrasound, but about ultrasound in principle.

3D ultrasound at the 19th week of pregnancy

Today, doctors believe that the patterns in the increase in the frequency of congenital anomalies and pathology of pregnancy have not been proven, therefore, ultrasound is included in the mandatory examination of pregnant women.

3D ultrasound at the 20th week of pregnancy

The big disadvantage of these studies is that they have not yet been determined possible complications in the long run. The manifestations of such defects can be observed in years or decades, but such possible long-term consequences can be seen no earlier than in a couple of decades. As a result, to date, not a single doctor can answer you whether 3D ultrasound is dangerous for you and your child, since they simply cannot know.

3D ultrasound at 21 weeks of gestation

Due to the fact that the possible consequences of ultrasound on the fetus and pregnant women are unclear, most international medical associations urge doctors to limit the use of this study in the course of pregnancy and not to abuse it.

3D ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation

The stereo image obtained as a result of the ultrasound scan only allows you to see appearance the future baby, but does not allow to determine the state of internal organs and possible pathology. Therefore, the resulting next photo from an ultrasound scan will be an additional effect of ultrasound, without medical grounds.

3D ultrasound at 23 weeks of gestation

For the first three-dimensional ultrasound examination of the course of pregnancy, medical experts consider the optimal period to be 24 weeks of pregnancy, unless, of course, there is no pathology in the course of pregnancy.

3D ultrasound at 24 weeks of gestation

By this time, the fetus has already formed all the external organs and can be examined by ultrasound, due to which possible external pathologies are recognized, for example, "cleft lip" and the like.

3D ultrasound at 25 weeks of gestation

After 24-27 weeks of pregnancy, the obstetrician-gynecologist will determine oligohydramnios, or polyhydramnios, placenta previa, hypotrophy, and other defects using a conventional, two-dimensional ultrasound scan, which is usually performed three times during pregnancy, in each trimester. For this, 3D ultrasound is completely unnecessary, it will only help to determine the sex of the child for sure and amuse the parents.

3D ultrasound at 26 weeks of gestation

Many serious clinics refer to the results of the reputable organization FDA (American Federal Food and Drug Administration) medicines). At the same time, experts say that three-dimensional ultrasound can only be used as a diagnostic method with special indications as prescribed by a doctor.

3D ultrasound at 27 weeks of gestation

The FDA is strongly opposed to the commercial use of medicines. Such medical methods also included 3D ultrasound, since in the document issued by the Agency back in 2002, it was prohibited to conduct ultrasound without appropriate medical indications.

3D ultrasound at 28 weeks of gestation

What the FDA considers an indication for ultrasound examination:

diagnosis of pregnancy

Why is an ultrasound scan performed?

Condition of the uterus

Abnormalities in fetal development

What is the ultrasound scan

the spleen starts to work
have eyelashes and eyebrows
the skin is not so wrinkled anymore

Development at 22 weeks

sleeps more than 20 hours a day

The sex of the fetus is precisely determined.

Fetometry at 21 weeks

body weight: 360-400 grams

BPR: 49-60 (56)

Ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation

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Shin bones 31-39 mm.

Changes in the mother's body

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Ultrasound 22 week of pregnancy is the norm

22 week of pregnancy: ultrasound norms and deviations from them

Scheduled ultrasound is performed for a period of 21-22 weeks. This allows you to determine the presence of pathologies in the child, his position, as well as the state of the placenta. Despite the fact that there is still so much time left before delivery, the fetus is almost completely formed.

Why is an ultrasound scan performed?

An ultrasound scan at 22 weeks is performed to clarify the following indicators:

the amount of water; the growth and weight of the fetus; the development of the fetus in accordance with the period; the state of the placenta; the location of the child; gender.

At 22 weeks of gestation, according to ultrasound standards, the child should have fully formed kidneys, liver and brain. His handles bend freely at this time, all fingers are developed. The ultrasound doctor should check if there are any pathologies in the internal organs and in the appearance of the baby.

The growth of a baby on an ultrasound scan of a fetus at 22 weeks should be an average of 450 grams, and a height of 28 cm. These indicators may vary slightly, but not more than 100 grams in weight and 5 cm in height. If there are serious deviations from normal indicators, then the doctor can judge fetal hypoxia or pathologies in development.

With special care during the ultrasound scan at 22 weeks, a heart examination is performed. At this time, there is an opportunity to identify serious vices that are incompatible with life.

An ultrasound scan of the fetus at 22 weeks examines the thickness of the collar space. Measured by the neck crease or by the thickness of the occipital bone. This ultrasound indicator at 22 weeks should not exceed 5 mm. If it is more than the established norm, then the diagnosis is "Down's Syndrome".

The distance between the eye orbits is also measured. The indicator must correspond to the norm in terms of time, otherwise they speak of divergence of the eyes and pathology in development.

Condition of the uterus

If the term is 22 weeks of pregnancy, the ultrasound results should be normal and in terms of the state of the uterus. First of all, the placenta is examined, its location and maturation. At this time, she should be in the second degree of maturity and be on the upper part of the uterus. If there are deviations, then this gives rise to judging about low placentation or underdevelopment of the placenta.

The second important indicator of ultrasound at 22 weeks is amniotic fluid, their condition. The rate depends on the individual characteristics of the structure of the body, reproductive organs and the physiology of a woman. But the child should be at a distance of 2 to 8 centimeters from the wall of the uterus. If the indicator differs significantly in the lower direction, then they speak of low water, in a large - about polyhydramnios.

It is very important that the condition of the uterus does not cause concern for the doctor. He will examine her condition, evaluate the important indicators of an ultrasound scan for 22 weeks. There should be no deviations. After all, the uterus is the habitat of the fetus. And various diseases and pathologies can cause premature birth or lead to fetal death.

Abnormalities in fetal development

Ultrasound results for 22 weeks should be normal. If there are deviations in development, then the question of carrying out a late abortion is raised. But for this there must be serious pathologies. At the 22nd week of pregnancy, the results reveal Down syndrome, severe defects in the development of the heart, the absence of important organs (even the brain), improper formation of the skeletal system, abnormalities in the development of the limbs, and the nervous system. All this can be determined at a period of 22 weeks of pregnancy after comparison with the ultrasound standards.

Ultrasound. 31 weeks pregnant (3D)

IMPORTANT! The doctor should determine all deviations from the norms on a routine ultrasound scan. For this, at least half an hour is given for the procedure.

Before going for an ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks, the expectant mother needs to immediately prepare the questions she wants to ask. We must not forget about the unpleasant sensations and pains that may bother you. Tell your doctor about this.

Sometimes the 22nd week of pregnancy, the ultrasound rates do not correspond to the obtained indicators. But that shouldn't be cause for panic. For example, a doctor may not see one kidney. But this does not mean that she does not exist. The child may turn in such a way that some organs are not visualized. In this case, it is recommended to walk a little, drink water or eat a piece of chocolate. This will cause the fetus to turn and take a closer look at all previously hidden organs. If the results after an ultrasound scan at 22 weeks remain unsatisfactory, then the doctor prescribes a re-examination in a week. If, after this, serious deviations are observed, then the pregnant woman will have to pass additional tests.

On an ultrasound scan of 22 weeks, the expectant mother can find out the gender of the baby.

What is the ultrasound scan

In a referral from the clinic, the expectant mother has the right to a free ultrasound scan. But if she wants to see her baby, as well as listen to his heartbeat, then she should visit 3D ultrasound. On it, gender determination gives an accurate result. In addition, on the monitor screen, you can see the features of the baby's face - his eyes, nose and mouth. It is even possible to count the fingers.

The results of 3D ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation are more accurate than after a conventional ultrasound. However, now this procedure is expensive and not everyone can afford it. But if it is possible to pay about three thousand rubles for an ultrasound scan to obtain more accurate results at 22 weeks, then it is better to carry it out.

A planned ultrasound scan is performed at 22 weeks. This is a mandatory procedure that allows the expectant mother to understand that everything is in order with her baby, and the reproductive organs are ready for full bearing of the fetus.

How ultrasound is done »Prenatal diagnostics

Ultrasound at 21-22 weeks of gestation is a study that is part of the routine during pregnancy. In this case, using the properties of ultrasonic waves, it is possible to visualize the structure of external and internal organs in an intrauterine developing baby.

And, if the need arises, then according to the results of the study, it is still possible to do something about the pathology of the fetus, while after this period it may already be too late.

Ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation - this is the "deadline" for the second planned examination of the fetus.

How does a baby develop by 21 weeks

All organs are already formed, only their development is taking place:

the spleen starts to work
the digestive system "trains": the child swallows amniotic fluid, assimilates water and glucose, and stores particles of its own desquamated epithelium and other "inedible" things in the large intestine; feces should not be yet
pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid and pancreas, adrenal glands and gonads are actively functioning
the child has a schedule of sleep and wakefulness, he sleeps up to 22 hours a day in total
taste buds form on the tongue, so the fetus can already taste the amniotic fluid (this taste depends on the mother's nutrition)
his eyes are almost open, he can blink
have eyelashes and eyebrows
there is also active growth of vellus hair on the head (lanugo)
the skin is not so wrinkled anymore
growth in this period is more "in breadth" - adipose tissue is built up
kidneys work, baby can write
the rudiments of milk teeth are already in the gums
cellular immunity is formed
An ultrasound scan at 21 weeks of gestation can already tell you exactly what gender your baby will be born with.

Development at 22 weeks

This is a period of active "tuning" of the structures of the brain, while their external form has already been formed.

Ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks is intended, first of all, to clarify precisely regarding the "normality" of the structure and the number of all components of the main organ of the central nervous system.

In addition, there are such "shifts" in the development of the baby:

Ultrasound of the baby in the mother's tummy at 18 weeks)

eyes are still ajar, but react to the illumination of the world around mom
tactile acquaintance with the world around develops: the baby diligently feels the umbilical cord, parts of his own body
sleeps more than 20 hours a day
there is a motor reaction to loud sounds and tactile stimulation of the mother's abdomen
you can notice grimaces in response to the entry of various foods into the amniotic fluid
the fetus still floats freely in the uterine cavity and can change its location several times a day.

Preparation for ultrasound examination during this period

It is not necessary to follow a special diet, fast or fill the bladder in order to have an ultrasound scan at 21-22 weeks of gestation. Examination during pregnancy is carried out without any preparation.

How is the procedure carried out in this period

A woman comes for an ultrasound scan alone or with her husband.
The study is performed in the supine position.
The doctor places the ultrasound sensor on the area on the abdomen that has been preliminarily lubricated with gel, depending on the need to consider a particular structure, changes its location.
Parents-to-be may ask in advance to film an ultrasound scan at 21 weeks of gestation in order to subsequently be able to view a disc with a recording of their baby.

Also, undergoing an ultrasound scan at the 21st week of pregnancy, you will find out whether you will have a girl or a boy: the genitals are fully formed, and they can be seen during the study. The probability of an error in gender determination at this time is quite small.

Transcript of the research protocol

Deciphering the ultrasound scan at 21 weeks of gestation and at a later date is carried out according to plan. It's called a protocol.

In the photo: ultrasound scan 22 weeks, view of the fetus on the monitor

Assessment of the state of the placenta. Her norm for ultrasound at 21 weeks of gestation, as well as at 22 weeks - zero degree of maturity, no heart attacks, areas of calcification. The "child's place" can be located on any wall of the uterus. A pathology is considered if the placenta is below 70 mm from the internal pharynx or even overlaps this pharynx, that is, the exit from the uterine cavity.
Umbilical cord entanglement is usually not described, since the fetus will move many times. The doctor writes how many vessels it contains. Normally, there should be one vein and two arteries, that is, only 3 vessels, if there are fewer of them, this indicates that the child may not receive enough oxygen. It is necessary to carry out dopplerometry, according to its results, undergo treatment. After 28 weeks - compulsory CTG control in dynamics.
Amniotic fluid. If there are few of them, "oligohydramnios" is written. This may be due to intrauterine infection or indicate fetal malnutrition. Polyhydramnios or "polyhydramnios" can also develop as a result of infection, as well as indicate impaired fetal kidney function or the development of diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman.
Cervix. It should be longer than 2.5 cm. In this case, the inner and outer pharynx must be closed.
Malformations: identified or not.
The sex of the fetus is precisely determined.

Fetometry at 21 weeks

Ultrasound determines the size of the fetus at 21 weeks very accurately. In comparison with the norm, one can judge the uniformity of development, and the correspondence of the size of the baby to the gestational age. So, in this period, the rate of fetometric indicators:

maximum distance between two parietal bones (BPD, BPD): 46-55 (average 52) mm
distance from the frontal to the occipital bone (LZR, OFD): 61-72 (65 on average) mm
head circumference (OG, NS): 165-200 (average 193) mm
length of the femur (DB, FML): 33-40 (on average, 36) mm
abdominal circumference (coolant, AC): 140-170 (154 mm on average)
humerus length (DP, Hum): 29-37 (33) mm
body weight: 360-400 grams
placental vascular resistance index (IR): 0.36-0.69 (average 0.51)
systolic-diastolic ratio (S / D, SDO) in the umbilical cord: 3.87-3.95
IR of the umbilical arteries: 0.61-0.83 (0.73 on average)

Baby size at 22 weeks gestation

According to ultrasound at 22 weeks, such a norm of fetal size is determined (parameters are indicated in millimeters, abbreviations are described earlier, in brackets is the average value):

BPR: 49-60 (56)

22 week of pregnancy: perturbations, dangers, ultrasound

The 22nd week of pregnancy is no longer such a calm and serene period as the previous one. Starting from this stage, a pregnant woman may face a number of problems that should be tracked down in time to prevent possible risks and difficulties. At the 22nd week of pregnancy, the main indicator of the child's condition is his movements; by their intensity, the mother can determine how the baby is feeling. In addition, the 22nd obstetric week of pregnancy is considered risky in terms of partial leakage of water, so it is advisable to carefully monitor this so as not to provoke premature birth.

22 week of pregnancy - perturbations as the main parameter of the child's condition

It is very important to track movements inside the abdomen at 22 weeks of gestation, as they are an indicator of what is happening to the baby. In a normal state, he swims, somersaults, pushes and about once every ten minutes reminds his mother of his existence.

If for some reason you do not feel the baby anymore, he suddenly calmed down and does not appear, or, on the contrary, behaves too aggressively, then you should tell the doctor about this, without hesitation. The 22nd week of pregnancy is fraught with dangers that should be avoided and responded to in a timely manner. Perhaps the reason for the abnormal behavior is a lack of oxygen, and this problem needs to be addressed, since the brain is forming, and it naturally requires an influx of fresh air.

Fetus of 22 weeks of gestation, its development

In a normally proceeding pregnancy, a child at 22 weeks behaves quite actively, he already begins to feel himself, constantly tapping his abode, flaunting his arms and legs, and also knows how to tell his mother that he wants to take a walk, or that he needs to calm down. Intuitively, mothers understand all this very well, such is the nature of instinct, the telepathic connection is felt very strongly.

22 weeks of pregnancy - description

Due to the fact that the abdomen is growing quite actively, the load on the spine is felt more and more, so women often feel fatigue, buzzing in the legs, swelling and tension in the back and legs. These symptoms are easily relieved by wearing a bandage, constant walks, comfortable shoes with a wide shoe and orthopedic insoles. All these simple procedures make life much easier and allow you to experience less negative feelings.

Also, at the 22nd week of pregnancy, the mother sometimes thinks that she has become like an elephant calf, the weight is growing quite quickly. The reason for this can be both extra pounds and puffiness, giving a feeling of heaviness, constipation during pregnancy and a low location of the placenta.

22 week of pregnancy: dangers, pains and pathologies

For many women, back pain during pregnancy is normal. However, you need to be careful, if the lower back does not just ache, but hurts badly, then you should consult a doctor. This could be a sign of serious kidney disease. When the pain is localized in the lower back and lower abdomen, then this may indicate an increased tone of the uterus, respectively, it is important to quickly consult a gynecologist and prevent pregnancy failure. Hypertonia is one of the dangers at the 22nd week of pregnancy, and it cannot be delayed with it, it can lead to premature birth.

Ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation

Ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation is the second routine ultrasound scan. It is during this period that diagnostics can reveal the presence of probable defects in the development of the unborn child, the degree of formation and functioning of his internal organs.

During the study, the specialist makes measurements of the main body parts of the unborn child, calculating the proportions, and verifies the obtained values with the generally accepted norms of fetal development at this stage.

It is during the ultrasound examination that the doctor assesses the condition of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid, can diagnose oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios.

Discharge at 22 weeks gestation

And, finally, you should definitely look at the nature of the discharge at 22 weeks of gestation. The fact is that at this time a partial leakage of amniotic fluid may occur. The woman notices that her underwear is wet, as if she had urinary incontinence. Such a condition is a signal for urgent hospitalization; in no case should you walk around to work with this syndrome!

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Shin bones 31-39 mm.

What happens in the fetus at 22 weeks of gestation?

When carrying out an ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks of gestation, the growth of the fetus can be determined. On average, it is 20 cm - the size of a small doll. Your little doll already has eyebrows and eyelashes, even small hairs on the head are present in this period! The hair of the fetus does not yet have pigment, it is white.

The child is able to distinguish between day and night (light and darkness).

Reading fairy tales and singing songs are already passing into the little ears of your baby, you are no longer alone! You are not talking to yourself! Your baby hears everything, responding with active movements or becomes quiet, depending on his character and mood.

Due to the almost complete formation of the nervous system, tactile sensitivity has already been developed. The child makes full use of his new capabilities - he touches himself, especially often children touch their face and head, as if they are closing from the eyes of the beholders. The child hugs the umbilical cord, can hug himself.

When carrying out an ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks of pregnancy, especially using 3D 4D ultrasound during pregnancy, parents have a unique opportunity to see the first facial expressions of the child, how he yawns, rubs his eyes, chews, and sticks out his tongue. In our clinic, the video of the fetus is recorded on a disc or flash drive, so that you at home can again and again enjoy the unforgettable moments of meeting with the baby, and in the future and show him such early episodes of his life!

What you need to look at an ultrasound scan of the fetus at 22 weeks of gestation

When carrying out an ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks of gestation, a study of the main structures of the brain is carried out. The cerebellum and its internal structure - the cerebellar worm must be examined to exclude a serious malformation - the Bad Chiari syndrome. The dilated ventricles of the brain indicate hydrocephalus. Normally, their size does not exceed 10 mm in transverse projection. With an ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks of gestation, clarity is finally made regarding the presence and normalcy of the structure of all structures of the brain, since by this time the final organic formation of the nervous system takes place.

In addition to the brain, a mandatory position for examination is to study the integrity of the spinal cord and spine of the fetus. With ultrasound of a fetus at 22 weeks of gestation, anomalies in this area are clearly and clearly excluded when using volumetric imaging using 4DUS. Mom herself sees that everything is fine with her child. It is important to accurately assess the spine using 4D when the mother has an elevated alpha-fetoprotein level during the second trimester prenatal screening (“triple test”).

Changes in the mother's body

Pregnancy makes its own adjustments. Symptoms of pregnancy often prevent you from working at full strength, so it's time to slow down and get more rest.

You already need to give up high heels. The changing angle of the pelvis due to the growing pregnant uterus puts a lot of stress on the legs even without uncomfortable shoes. In addition, the ligamentous apparatus of the ankle bones becomes more pliable and extensible, there is a greater likelihood of twisting the leg, which is not much in time now! Therefore, the shoes should be as comfortable as possible.

Gained more than 7 kg since the beginning of pregnancy? Talk to your doctor about your daily routine and diet during pregnancy. Large weight gain is fraught with complications of pregnancy and very difficult postpartum recovery. In addition, in women who gain more than they should during pregnancy, the likelihood of stretch marks on the skin is much higher, and this defect cannot be eliminated at all later!

Genital herpes during pregnancy occurs when the body's immune forces decrease, for example, with a cold. Taking vitamins prophylactically will help to reduce or completely avoid relapses, which pose a danger to the fetus before childbirth.

The increased amount of discharge during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy hormones. This is a protection against the occurrence of infections of the urogenital tract.

Edema during pregnancy can be the first sign of trouble, an early manifestation of late toxicosis during pregnancy - preeclampsia or preeclampsia. If persistent edema occurs, it is necessary to do a general urine test and measure blood pressure. Report the results to your doctor. In case of changes in urine results and an increase in blood pressure, it is necessary to perform an ultrasound of the fetus at 22 weeks of gestation with a Doppler to assess the intrauterine state of the child.

Ultrasound at 22 weeks during pregnancy is one of the mandatory examinations. Quite often, it is this week that the second scheduled examination is carried out.

When, the doctor needs to note what is the progress in his development.

During the second trimester of pregnancy internal organs children go through the stage of formation and growth.

The left and right hemispheres of the brain are almost ripe, which is why the child begins to behave consciously, think and feel.

Activity is manifested in the movements of the arms and legs, in the touch of the fingers to the face, abdomen and umbilical cord.

If parents are expecting twins or triplets, then on an ultrasound scan they will have to see how their children touch each other.

At 22 weeks, babies have almost fully developed organs of sight and hearing. From their faces it is already possible to conclude whose appearance they have inherited.

True, the thin movable diaphragm of the child's eye at 22 weeks is still underdeveloped, but the eyebrows and eyelids will not be visible.

During this period, the child has a clearly outlined mouth and the "groove" of the nose protrudes forward. On the monitor of the device, you can clearly see the five-fingered handle of the child.

During this period, the child's spleen begins to perform its functions. It forms red blood cells. The processes of digestion are started in the child's body.

The baby feeds on amniotic fluid, from which it assimilates water and a monosaccharide, whose taste is already distinguished. Unnecessary substances, such as epithelial particles, remain in the intestines.

An ultrasound scan at 22 weeks of gestation makes it possible to determine for sure who is growing in the mother's belly. The genitals of the boy and girl were practically formed by this time.

Only his shyness can become an obstacle to determining the sex of a child, which is why he will turn his back to the sensor.

During this period, the child is examined with ultrasound through the abdominal wall. This is a transabdominal research method.

He requires the expectant mother to take a recumbent position. She must free the abdomen from clothes, giving the doctor the opportunity to treat it with a gel and drive it over the skin with a device.

Everything the doctor directs the sensor to will be displayed on the monitor screen. The resulting image can be seen by both the mother and the father of the child, if he wishes to attend such an exciting procedure.

This 3D ultrasound of the fetus does not need to be specially prepared. The need to fill the bladder for better penetration of ultrasound waves disappeared a few weeks ago.

Now in the belly of the pregnant woman appeared a large number of amniotic fluid, allowing you to conduct research without unnecessary hassle.

What must be inspected?

The examination at 22 weeks of gestation was designated as a planned ultrasound scan for a reason. It is during this period that you can properly study the structure of the baby's organs and detect a developmental anomaly.

If the disease is detected in a timely manner, there is a chance to eliminate it. If nothing is fixed, then a painless abortion can be done at this stage of pregnancy.

In the planned second trimester of pregnancy, measurements of internal organs are certainly carried out.

The doctor determines the size and circumference of the head, the parameters of the large bones on the arms and legs, as well as the circumference of the tummy. According to the data obtained, the gestational age is established.

But it happens that not all sizes of the child fit into the prescribed framework.

It happens that the head of a boy or girl has already formed as it should be formed only at 23 weeks, and the rest of the body has dimensions corresponding to a period of 22 weeks.

This indicates a slight delay in the growth and formation of the child's organs.

A woman will have to undergo CTG, constantly be monitored by a doctor and take a course of pills if the child's development lags behind by 2-3 weeks.

If the expectant mother wants to be sure of what the doctor said, she can undergo an ultrasound scan on another machine or from another specialist.

The fetus is examined for developmental abnormalities at 22 weeks. Therefore, at this time, all internal organs are looked at: the brain and heart, the bladder and kidneys, the intestines and liver, as well as the lungs.

Unfortunately, there is a risk of finding a heart defect in the fetus and a violation of the structure of the brain.

The umbilical cord and placenta are also checked by a doctor. The fact that the child is wrapped around the umbilical cord, the doctor usually does not indicate on an ultrasound scan in the second trimester of pregnancy.

The fact is that at this time it is a common occurrence, the child can more than once get entangled in the umbilical cord and get rid of it.

Instead, the doctor notes in the protocol the presence of blood vessels in the umbilical cord. There should be three of them - a vein and two arteries. Some women who are carrying a baby have only two vessels, which can negatively affect the health of the baby.

Even the location of the placenta matters. It can be in three places: in front, behind, or at the bottom of the uterus.

If the placenta is lowered down or is located near the internal pharynx, then this threatens the life of the child and his mother. This placenta can flake off or cause bleeding. The only way out is to do a cesarean section.

During 3D ultrasound, the level of maturity of the placenta is certainly assessed. When the 22 week of pregnancy is on, this indicator should be zero.

If the placenta matures too quickly, the fetus will lack oxygen and nutrients.

On an ultrasound examination of the fetus in the second trimester of pregnancy, they certainly look at the amount of amniotic fluid.

If there is little fluid in the womb, then the fetus is most likely not developing properly. It can also mean that an infection has been brought in, gestosis or malnutrition has begun.

When amniotic fluid, on the contrary, is in excess, the mother of the unborn child may be sick with diabetes. Various pathologies in the development of the fetus are not excluded.

Due to the large amount of water, the child is deprived of the ability to move normally. The membrane of the fetal bladder is strongly stretched, risking early loss of amniotic fluid, which can negatively affect pregnancy.

Close attention is paid to the ultrasound examination of the state of the cervix.

Its diagnosis is carried out by the transvaginal method, necessarily determining the length. There is a risk of losing a child if the length of the cervix does not even reach 2.5 cm.

Norms and alarms

The decoding of the examination protocol, when about 22 weeks have passed since fertilization, does not differ much from the decoding carried out two weeks earlier.

But still, even during this time, the child's body manages to grow.

The norm for the weight and height of a child during this period of pregnancy is about 500 grams at 28 cm in length.

Indicators LHR (frontal-occipital head size) and BPR (biparietal size) should correspond to the average values of 70 and 54 mm, respectively.

Deciphering the circumference of the baby's tummy assumes that the norm of this parameter fluctuates between 148 and 190 cm.The circumference of the head should be at least 178 mm, but not more than 212 mm.

The standard indicators of the length of the main bones of the body have the following meanings.

The developed bones of the lower leg reach almost 39 mm, the thigh - 43 mm, the shoulder - 39 mm, and the forearm - 34 mm. The norm for the weight of the brain is 100 grams.

Deciphering the thickness of the placenta and the volume of amniotic fluid suggests that with a positive test result, they will have values of 18.1 - 30.7 mm and 89 - 235 ml, respectively.

The norm for the indicator of "maturity" of the placenta is zero. If everything is in order, the placenta is located more than 6 cm from the inner opening of the cervix.

The acceptable length of the cervix, as indicated by the decoding of the examination results, varies from 2.5 to 3 cm. In the umbilical cord of the fetus, as required by the norm, there must be two arteries and one vein.

If the transcript of the child's ultrasound examination reflected serious deviations from the norms, then the woman should discuss the abortion with the gynecologist.

However, a decision on it can only be made by a consultation of specialists. Sometimes at this time it is better to induce an artificial birth.

Disturbances in the structure and development of certain organs of the child can also be shown by a conventional ultrasound examination.

But if there is a need to carefully study spinal cord and the child's spine, it is recommended to undergo a 3D examination. For a period of 22 weeks, it is already possible to say with confidence who the woman is waiting for - a boy or a girl.

Doppler ultrasound examination of a child will allow to assess the work of the circulatory system, to detect a dangerous disease - hepatic vein thrombosis.

Also given view examination of a pregnant woman will help to find out whether or not the baby has enough oxygen.

An ultrasound examination in the second trimester of bearing a child should in no case be missed.

Still, the main task of this study is to identify possible pathologies, and not to predict the birth of a boy or girl. The data obtained during the procedure determines how the child's organs will develop in the future.

The contact between mom and baby at 22 weeks of gestation can be considered well-established. The woman already feels the movements, can monitor the activity of the crumbs and even understand what he likes and what does not. The second trimester is in progress, behind the first two screenings. At week 22, an ultrasound scan will be assigned to those who did not have time to do it a week or two earlier. We will tell you about what the survey will show in this article.

The purpose of the survey

Ultrasound at 22 weeks completes the second prenatal screening, which is performed from 18 to 21 weeks of pregnancy. If, for a number of reasons, the woman could not be examined during this period of time (she was sick, left), then now is the time to visit the ultrasound diagnostics room.

Blood for biochemical analysis is usually donated earlier - in the period from 16 to 18 weeks. Ultrasound is not as rigidly tied to blood donation as during the first screening, which a woman underwent in the first trimester. That is why there is time to choose the most suitable day for meeting your baby. While - on the monitor of the ultrasound machine.

The purpose of the examination is to identify possible pathologies and abnormalities in the development of the fetus, both genetic and caused by other reasons.

If the obligatory prenatal examination has already been passed, then this week there may be other reasons to go to the diagnostician. For control ultrasound, women are sent, in whom the second screening revealed increased risks of pathologies, as well as those who carry twins or triplets.

An ultrasound scan will be shown to those who have a threat of termination of pregnancy, complaints of pain and discharge atypical for the "interesting position". If pregnancy has occurred thanks to the IVF procedure, then ultrasound is also prescribed more often than usual, and 22 weeks may not be an exception.

Women who have previously had missed pregnancies or miscarriages at this time may go for an ultrasound scan this week. An ultrasound scan may be needed if you have doubts about the exact timing of your pregnancy.

Some women at 22 weeks go to ultrasound diagnostics by own decision, for example, to find out the sex of the child, if this question is of fundamental importance to the family or just out of curiosity.

The baby's gender no longer leaves any doubt, it can be easily seen, because the baby is not yet so large to curl up and close the view, and is no longer so small that the genitals are microscopic in size.

How is the examination going?

You can do an ultrasound this week in two ways - external (transabdominal) or internal (intravaginal). For most expectant mothers, the examination is carried out through the anterior abdominal wall, the child at this time is already quite clearly visible. But if visualization turns out to be difficult (with low water or excess weight in the mother), then the doctor can scan through the vaginal wall, it is thinner and better permeable to ultrasound waves.

If a woman comes for a diagnosis for a reason threats of spontaneous abortion, then the examination will be carried out with a vaginal sensor, since this method makes it possible to carefully study the signs of threat, the state of the uterine walls and the cervix.

If a woman prepared responsibly for an ultrasound scan in the first trimester, refused food that promotes gas formation, and also filled the bladder, if an examination was to be carried out through the anterior abdominal wall for a short time, then now you do not need to prepare for an ultrasound scan.

The amount of amniotic fluid is already sufficient so that the view with external ultrasound is clear enough, and the presence of possible gases in the intestines of the expectant mother no longer plays any role, because the uterus has increased in size, has gone beyond the pelvis, and the intestinal loops can no longer squeeze ...

If you want to undergo an ultrasound in a three-dimensional format, the so-called 3D ultrasound, then you should prepare for the fact that the procedure will be several times longer than a conventional ultrasound, and therefore you should not drink a lot of fluids so that you do not want to go to the toilet later. A two-dimensional conventional ultrasound at 22 weeks will last about 7-10 minutes, and a three-dimensional one - from 40 minutes to an hour.

A woman should take her passport, policy, exchange card, and also a diaper to put it on the couch and change shoes with her.

What will the study show?

The kid has changed a lot since the last "date" with his mother on the ultrasound monitor in the first trimester, he grew up. Now the size of the fruit is already sufficient so that you can examine the crumb in more detail. Its height is about 25-27 centimeters, and its weight is close to 400-450 grams. All internal organs and systems are formed, now they only have to ripen and grow.

The woman "stepped over" the equator of her pregnancy, the first half is passed. Now it is less likely to lose the child, the mother is becoming calmer. But the baby is more and more mobile every day, as the nervous system develops, the baby learns to control his body - limbs, facial muscles. An ultrasound scan will show the expectant mother how the baby has learned to move. At the same time, he already touches the walls of the uterus, and women in the overwhelming majority already feel the movements of their crumbs.

The baby's brain at 22 weeks "acquires" the first convolutions. The formation of the spine is completed - the vertebrae and the discs between them are almost functional. The crumb's heart becomes larger in size, it beats rhythmically and loudly, a woman can hear it on an ultrasound scan.

Eyelashes and eyebrows appear, but they are so thin that it is impossible to see them even on a high-resolution apparatus. The child, although still very small, distinguishes well between "friends" and "aliens." If the mother puts her hand on her stomach during the ultrasound scan, the baby will come closer to her own palm, and he will react to the scanner sensor and the doctor's hands that is alien to him and the doctor's hands, exactly the opposite - it will start to move away.

Decoding and norms

In the ultrasound scan received on her hands, a woman will see a large number numerical values... To understand how the fetus develops correctly and accordingly to the gestational age, doctors use special tables. Fetometry of the baby will help to understand if everything is in order with him. At this time, all children grow at approximately the same rate, and therefore the values given in the tables are relevant for most expectant mothers.

The doctor measures the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the head. They are called biparietal and frontal-occipital. These are the most important indicators of the development of a baby at a given time. The proportion of the body is indicated by the size of the paired bones - the femur, lower leg, as well as the humerus and forearm bones.

About how well the baby is eating, whether he has internal edema or malnutrition, say the circumference of the abdomen, the circumference of the head, chest.

Average fetometric norms at 21-22 weeks of gestation:

Amniotic fluid normally has a transparent consistency, their normal amount at this time is 88-97 mm. The thickness of the placenta is 22.8-23.6 mm, the degree of maturity of the "child's place" is still zero. The position of the child in the space of the uterus is not yet of great diagnostic value. The pelvic or lateral position of the fetus, which is determined by ultrasound, should not disturb either the expectant mother or her attending physician, because the baby will turn over many times before it becomes cramped and movements are limited.

Possible problems

The most common problem that an expectant mother may face according to the results of an ultrasound scan at 22 weeks is a discrepancy between the size of the fetus and the obstetric time. A slight deviation does not cause concern, but a significant excess or lag may be signs of possible pathologies in the development of the child. A difference of 2 weeks is considered significant.

Obstetric term is considered from the first day of the last menstruation. From the embryonic, it actually differs by about 2 weeks. The difference in parameters, therefore, may be due to an error in setting the deadline. This is not uncommon in women with irregular menstrual periods, or in women who do not remember the exact date of their last menstrual period.

If all sizes of the fetus simultaneously differ from the norm up or down, doctors may also consider the option of symmetric intrauterine growth retardation. And then additional examinations will be needed to find out whether the baby is receiving a sufficient amount of nutrients, vitamins and minerals, whether he has an intrauterine infection.

The growth of children in the second trimester can be intermittent, and therefore it is possible that on the control ultrasound in a week or two, the baby's parameters will return to normal. If not, then treatment will be prescribed to improve uteroplacental blood flow, which will enrich the blood of the expectant mother with vitamins and other important substances useful for the child.

Ultrasound examinations for pregnant women are prescribed in order to monitor the health of the mother and child, timely identify and diagnose fetal pathologies and also promptly correct problems. What do doctors look at and determine in an ultrasound scan? Let's find out in more detail.

The need for ultrasound

The period of 20-22 weeks for the second planned ultrasound examination was not determined by chance. At this time, it is possible to diagnose some pathologies of the child's development, and, if the need arises, to correct the problems. And although there is an opinion that doing an ultrasound three times during pregnancy is harmful, but, nevertheless, it is necessary to be sure that the pregnancy is going well. Such examinations are also needed for your own peace of mind.

The first ultrasound scan for a period of 10-12 weeks determines future date childbirth and diagnoses possible chromosomal diseases. Based on the data of the first ultrasound, the gynecologist plans the tactics of pregnancy management in the future.

At 20 weeks of pregnancy, the following organs are examined on an ultrasound examination:

The sizes of all parts of the child's body. According to these dimensions, the gestational age is specified. Sometimes the dimensions can be asymmetrical. For example, the circumference of the head indicates the gestational age, and the abdomen corresponds to 22 weeks. With such indicators, the doctor concludes that there is a slight delay in the development of the child. If the developmental delay is more than 2 weeks, then perhaps an ultrasound scan should be done by another specialist to clarify the diagnosis. At this time, the weight of the fetus is about 250-300 g, the length is 16-18 cm.
Congenital malformations of the child. When examining the brain, liver, lungs and other organs, it is possible to identify, for example, heart disease, pathologies of the brain and internal organs.
Placenta. The umbilical cord entanglement of the child is usually not fixed in the second trimester. But the doctor, after the ultrasound, records the number of vessels in the umbilical cord. They also determine the location of the placenta, find out on which wall of the uterus it is located. Perhaps, according to this indicator, delivery by the method of cesarean section will be prescribed.

It is determined by and. Its premature maturation is fraught with a decrease in the supply of the child with oxygen and essential substances. Inconsistency of the placenta with generally accepted norms is a signal inflammatory process in it. This is due to infection. Then an additional study is prescribed - Doppler ultrasound.

Amniotic fluid. Ultrasound determines their number. If there is not enough water, then this is possibly a symptom of malnutrition, intrauterine infection. Polyhydramnios indicates the possible diabetes mellitus of the expectant mother. Excessive stretching of the fetal bladder can cause premature discharge of water and weak labor.
Cervix. Ultrasound accurately determines the length of the neck. This indicator is important for the diagnosis of ICI, assessment of the possible risks of self-abortion and preterm birth. The length of the neck is considered pathological less than 2.5 cm.

Boy or girl?

An ultrasound scan at 22 weeks of gestation helps the doctor more accurately determine the expected due date, diagnose multiple pregnancies and, most importantly, for parents - determine exactly whether a son or daughter will be born.

Sometimes ultrasound at this time diagnoses pathologies that are an indication for termination of pregnancy. Namely: the child's disability, the absence of a handle or leg, other complex pathologies, as a result of which the existence of a baby will be possible only with the support of special equipment or drugs.

That is why the second scheduled ultrasound scan is important for all pregnant women.

Especially for Elena TOLOCHIK