Preparation for going out into nature begins. Outline of the lesson on life safety "Preparing for going out into nature. Determination of the necessary equipment for the hike. III. Presentation of the program material


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Presentation slides text content: Preparing to go out into nature Zakharova L.Yu., Boarding school for children with visual impairments, Perm Now you know how to: navigate the terrain; determine the sides of the horizon in different ways; use a map; establish your location on the ground and on the map; choose the desired direction of movement. The most common and affordable form of hiking is a day trip with a parent or teacher. In order for any trip to nature to be successful, it is necessary to prepare well for it. When developing a plan, it is necessary to discuss in detail the main goals of the hike and the training tasks that will need to be worked out on the hike. Taking this into account, choose the area of ​​the hike and determine the route of movement. At the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind the attractiveness of the trip and the feasibility of the tasks being completed. The main thing is that during the hike you get to know the natural environment better and get satisfaction from communicating with it.
Hike plan: the main goals of the hike and educational tasks; choose the area of ​​the hike and determine the route of movement; study the travel area in detail; develop a route using a large-scale map (set the starting and ending points of the route and the main landmarks through which the route will pass). Determining the area of ​​travel, it is necessary to study it in detail. Then develop a route, which will require a large-scale map of the selected area. The starting and ending points of the route and the main landmarks through which the route will pass are set. It is better to take turns on the route at characteristic, easily recognizable landmarks. (The distance between the landmarks should not exceed 2 km.) After that, it is necessary to calculate the movement along the route. Calculations are made out on a card or in a special table.
The participants of the hike collect the necessary equipment for the group, depending on the weather conditions, food, clothing for the season; train in the correct packing of the backpack; determine the ways to exit to the starting point of the route. 1. At the starting point of the route, the orientation of the map is practiced, they establish their location on the ground and on the map, and the direction of movement of the group along the route is determined. Practicing orienteering skills 2. At landmark number 1, training is carried out in determining the sides of the horizon by the sun and hours and by signs of local objects and the direction of further movement is determined. H. On the segment from landmark No. 2 to the end point of the route, they work out determining the direction of movement and going to the end point of the route without a compass. 4. At the final point of the route, bivouacking works (making a fire, preparing food on the fire) and other tourist work. 5. On the way back, they reinforce their skills in orienteering on the terrain. Preparing for the hike: collect the necessary equipment for the group, depending on the educational tasks and weather conditions; prepare food and clothing for the season; practice in the correct packing of the backpack; determine how to get to the starting point (on foot or by transport). 1. Why do you need to prepare for a trip to nature and what does it include? 2. How is the study of the area of ​​the hike carried out and what is the main focus of this? H. How do you choose a route for a hike and determine its main stages? 4. What organizational issues should the participants of the trip decide in preparation for it? Questions and Tasks Why is it difficult for the second tourist? Enjoy your stay! Go hiking like real professionals!


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Slide captions:

"How to prepare for a trip (for a hike in nature) so as not to get into an extreme situation"

A hike is an organized movement of a group of people with a specific purpose. For example, a military campaign, a trip to places of military glory, a hiking trip.

Hike classification

According to the method of travel, hiking, cycling, horseback riding, water trips, dog trips.

2. According to the duration of the hikes are one-day, multi-day. 3. According to the complexity of the hikes are categorical, walking.

What factors should be considered when going to nature? Social Military conflicts Criminal manifestations Natural Air temperature Possibility of precipitation and natural disasters Terrain relief Technogenic Pollution of water, soil and air Possibility of accidents and disasters

WHY DOES THE GROUP LEADER HAVE ABSOLUTE POWER DURING THE HIKE?

What are the causes of dangerous and extreme situations? Breakdown of equipment in a deserted area Meeting with predators Insufficient supply of food and water Poor equipment Loss of orientation on the ground Poor physical and psychological preparation

What will we take with us on the hike? What will we put in our backpack?

PUBLIC EQUIPMENT

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT OF THE TOURIST

Personal equipment Backpack Toiletries Notepad, pen Tent Sleeping bag and ladder Pocket knife Sapper shovel Extra clothes and shoes Inflatable boat and pump Rain cover (1.5 x 1.5) Matches Cooking utensils Food supply Bowl, mug, spoon Hatchet Working gloves Flashlight Map and compass First aid kit

CLOTHES AND SHOES

Think and answer Why should a tourist's outerwear be as bright as possible? Why is it undesirable to wear synthetic underwear? Why are worn-out shoes more comfortable on the hike than new ones?

CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. What is the main task when preparing and conducting a hike? A. In obtaining new impressions and information; B. In getting pleasure; B. In ensuring security; D. In the formation of new connections and acquaintances.

2. What should the leader of the hike do after developing the route? A. Do not do anything; B. Coordinate the route with the Ministry of Internal Affairs; B. Approve the route in the route qualification commission; D. Report the route and the timing of its passage to the search and rescue service of the EMERCOM of Russia

3. What are the basic rules of safe human behavior in nature? A. There are no specific rules; B. Behave yourself; B. On the route or halt, you must not leave the group; D. Be attentive and careful, and then medication will not be needed.

4. What should be the footwear of a hiker? A. Fashionable; B. Convenient; B. Sit tightly on the leg, but do not squeeze the foot too much; G. Expensive and branded

5. Find the error. The clothes of a tourist going on a hike should be ... A. Super fashionable and expensive; B. Lightweight, simple, convenient and small in volume? B. Outerwear should be waterproof; D. Underwear should absorb perspiration well.

Answers to the test: 1 - C 2 - D 3 - C, D 4 - B, C 5 - A Assessment: 5 "+" = 5 4 "+" = 4 3 "+" = 3 GOOD MEN!

What are three groups of factors that need to be considered when preparing to travel to unfamiliar places? Is it enough for a trip to be successful, to carefully plot its route on the map?

How to protect matches from dampness? Is it better to take with you on a hike: a bar of chocolate or a handful of your favorite caramels?


Preparing to leave on nature


Discussion of the hike

The most common and affordable form of hiking is a day trip with a parent or teacher.

When developing a plan, it is necessary to discuss in detail the main goals of the hike and the training tasks that will need to be worked out on the hike. Taking this into account, choose the area of ​​the hike and determine the route of movement. At

It is necessary to keep in mind the attractiveness of the trip and the feasibility of the tasks being completed. The main thing is that during the hike you get to know the natural environment better and get satisfaction from communicating with it.


Determining the area of ​​travel, it is necessary to study it in detail. Then develop a route,

which will require a large-scale map of the selected area. The initial

and the end point of the route

and the main landmarks through which the route will pass. It is better to take turns on the route at characteristic, easily recognizable landmarks. (The distance between the landmarks should not exceed 2 km.) After that, it is necessary to calculate the movement along the route. Calculations are made out on a card or in a special table.

Route selection


Practicing orientation skills

1. At the starting point of the route, the orientation of the map is practiced, they establish their location on the ground and on the map, and the direction of movement of the group along the route is determined.

2. At landmark # 1, training is conducted in determining the sides of the horizon by the sun and hours and by signs of local objects and the direction of further movement is determined.

H. On the segment from landmark No. 2 to the end point of the route, they work out determining the direction of movement and going to the end point of the route without a compass.

4. At the final point of the route, bivouacking works (making a fire, preparing food on the fire) and other tourist work.

5. On the way back, they reinforce their skills in orienteering on the terrain.


GETTING TO HIKE

When preparing for the campaign, its participants:

  • collect the necessary

equipment for the group, depending on educational tasks and weather conditions, food, clothing for the season;

  • train in the right

packing a backpack;

  • determine the ways to exit to the starting point of the route

(on foot or by certain types of transport, depending on

on living conditions).


Questions and tasks

1. Why do you need to prepare for a trip to nature and what does it include?

2. How is the study of the area of ​​the hike carried out and what is the main focus of this?

H. How do you choose a route for a hike and determine its main stages?

4. What organizational issues should the participants of the trip decide in preparation for it?

5. On a large scale topographic map (1: 500,000 or

1: 250,000) study the area of ​​the proposed hike. Determine the starting and ending points of the hike and the reference points between them.

Anyone embarking on a hike, journey, or planning an expedition should learn as much as possible about the situations they may face and what skills and equipment may be needed. Basic common sense dictates the need for preparation, selection of the appropriate equipment and the most careful planning.

Your emergency life support kit can draw the line between life and death, but many, especially when packing carry-on luggage, take too much at first and have to learn from their own negative experiences what they really need and can do without. It's not at all funny when, after an unequal struggle with the weight of a huge load full of unnecessary items, it turns out that it lacks a flashlight or a can opener. Finding a middle ground is not easy.

PLANNING

When traveling as a group, get together more often to discuss your goals and objectives. Assign specific responsibilities: doctor, translator, cook, equipment manager, auto mechanic, driver, navigator, etc. Make sure everyone is familiar with the equipment available and ensure that the necessary spare parts - especially batteries, lamps and fuel - are available. When assessing the speed of progress, especially on foot, take time with a margin. It is better to "underestimate" your capabilities and be pleasantly surprised that everything is going better than planned. The stress of following too tight a schedule is not only exhausting, but also leads to misjudgments and decisions and risks, which often cause situations to spiral out of control.

You cannot carry the entire required supply of water with you, but it must be replenished as much as possible along the way. Water sources are a major factor in planning any route. Once the route has been planned and accepted, familiarize others with it so that in case of complications you can count on help. If you are traveling in the mountains, then inform the police (militia) and the local mine rescue service. Provide them with the proposed plan and indicate the time of departure and planned arrival. When traveling by car, leave the route at the appropriate car organization. Check in with the Coast Guard (or Border Guard) and Port Authority before sailing.
Make it a habit to let people know where you are going and the expected time of return or arrival at the waypoint.

EXPLORING THE ENVIRONMENT

There cannot be too much information about the place where you are going. Connect with those who already know it, read books, study maps - and be sure to take reliable and modern maps with you. Learn about the local people. Will they be friendly or suspicious of aliens? Are there any local customs and taboos? Local methods of building shelters and shelters, and obtaining fire, food, medicinal herbs and water in the wild are based on a deep understanding of the environment.

Study the maps carefully and learn as much as possible about these places: the direction and speed of the flow of rivers, waterfalls, rapids and dangerous currents. How high are the local mountains, what are the slopes on them, are they covered with snow? In which direction do the ridges run? What vegetation can you meet there, what types of trees grow there and where? What is the temperature regime there, what is the difference between day and night temperatures? What time does the sun rise and set? In what phase is the moon, the time and height of the tides, the prevailing direction of the winds and what is their strength? What is the weather forecast?

EQUIPMENT ASSESSMENT

Before any hike, trip, or expedition, put together a checklist.

  • How long will I be away? How much food will be required for this period and do I need to have water with me?
  • Is the clothing suitable for the climate / weather and is it sufficient? Is one pair of shoes enough, or due to the nature of the terrain, should you have a spare pair?
  • What special equipment will you need in the area?
  • What and how much should be in a first aid kit?

Your physical condition should match what you plan to do. The better your form, the easier and more enjoyable your activity will be. If, for example, you are going on a hike over rough terrain, practice in advance and get used to your hiking shoes. Walk to and from work with your backpack filled with sand and train your muscles. Psychological
condition is another question. Are you confident in your ability to complete the task, in adequate preparation for it, and do you have sufficient equipment for this? Always have a contingency plan in mind. It rarely happens that everything goes as planned.

MEDICAL EXAMINATION

Get a complete medical examination and get all the vaccinations that are necessary for the area where you are going to travel. There is vaccination against yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, smallpox, polio, diphtheria and tuberculosis, and in any case, tetanus vaccination is mandatory. Allow sufficient time for vaccinations, for example, complete
typhoid protection is three injections within six months. Keep an adequate supply of anti-malaria pills when navigating in malaria areas. You should start taking them two weeks before your trip so that your body's defenses are ready for action before you enter the hazardous area, and continue to take the antimalarial drug for a month after you return.

Visit your dentist and have your teeth checked. Teeth that do not hurt in normal environments can get sore in cold climates. Assemble a travel first aid kit that will meet all your likely needs, and if you are traveling in a group, all of your individual needs.

| Lesson plan for the academic year | Preparing to go out into nature

Basics of life safety
6th grade

Lesson 4
Preparing to go out into nature

Now that you know how to navigate the terrain, determine the sides of the horizon in different ways, use the map, establish your location on the ground and on the map and choose the desired direction of movement, you need to fix all this in practice. The most affordable and effective way to acquire skills and abilities to safely stay in natural conditions can be considered the preparation and conduct of hiking trips.

The most common and affordable form of hiking is a day trip with a parent or teacher.

In order for any exit to nature to be successful, it is necessary to prepare well for it..

We will consider one of the possible options for preparing for a one-day hike, the purpose of which will be to acquire basic skills in orienteering as one of the elements in ensuring human safety in natural conditions.

When preparing for a hike you need to take the most active part in developing his plan with your parents or with a group of classmates under the guidance of a teacher if you go on a hike in class.

When developing a plan it is necessary to discuss in detail the main goals of the hike and the educational tasks that will need to be worked out in the hike. Taking this into account, choose the area of ​​the hike and determine the route of movement. At the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind the attractiveness of the trip and the feasibility of the tasks being completed. The main thing is that during the hike you get to know the natural environment better and get satisfaction from communicating with it.

Determining the area of ​​travel, you need to study it in detail. Then develop a route, which will require a large-scale map of the selected area. The starting and ending points of the route and the main landmarks through which the route will pass are set. It is better to take turns on the route at characteristic, easily recognizable landmarks. (The distance between the landmarks should not exceed 2 km.) After that, it is necessary to calculate the movement along the route. Calculations are made on a card or in a special table.

To practice the skills of orientation on the terrain, four training points can be included in the plan of a one-day hike according to the stages of the route: the starting point of the route, the point at the landmark number 1; point at landmark number 2, the end point of the route.

Learning tasks can be divided as follows:

1. At the starting point of the route, they work out the orientation of the map, establish their location on the ground and on the map, determine the direction of movement of the group along the route.
2. At landmark number 1, training is carried out in determining the sides of the horizon by the sun and hours and by signs of local objects and the direction of further movement is determined.
3. On the segment from landmark No. 2 to the end point of the route, the determination of the direction of movement and the exit to the end point of the route without a compass are practiced.
4. At the final point of the route, bivouacking works are performed (a fire is made, food is cooked on a fire) and other tourist work.
5. On the way back, they reinforce their skills in orienteering on the terrain.

In preparation for the campaign, its participants collect the necessary equipment for the group, depending on the educational tasks and weather conditions, food, clothing for the season; train in the correct packing of the backpack; determine the ways to exit to the starting point of the route (on foot or by certain types of transport, depending on the living conditions).

Check yourself

■ What is nature preparation for and what does it include?
■ How is the trekking area explored and what is the focus?
■ How do you choose the route of the hike and determine its main stages?
■ What organizational issues should the participants of the hike decide in preparation for it?

After lessons

On a large scale topographic map (1: 500000 or 1: 250000), study the area of ​​the proposed hike. Determine the starting and ending points of the hike and the reference points between them.

Before trekking with friends on the map, complete the necessary route calculations and outline the training tasks with the hike leader. Fill out the results in the form of a table in the safety diary.