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The presentation on the topic "Acclimatization, phases of acclimatization" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: OBZH. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 12 slide (s).
Presentation slides
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ACCLIMATION, ACCLIMATION PHASES
Acclimatization is a long and complex socio-biological process of physiological adaptation (adaptation) of the human body to new climatic conditions.
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In the initial phase of acclimatization, the body receives from the environment a lot of new unusual impulses, which changes the functional state of the regulatory parts of the nervous system and contributes to the restructuring of the body's reactivity. In the initial period, all adaptive mechanisms come into play. In this phase, despite the "loosening" of the dynamic stereotype, the state of health may not be disturbed.
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The second phase of acclimatization can proceed in two directions: a) gradual balancing of the body's functions with the external environment with an adequate restructuring of adaptive mechanisms and the formation of a new dynamic stereotype; b) in sick and sensitive (meteorological) persons, the impact of new climatic factors causes "discord" and "gender" of physiological mechanisms of balancing with the development of pathological reactions (disadaptive meteoneurosis, meteorological arthralgia, cephalgia, myalgia, a decrease in general tone and performance, exacerbation of chronic diseases) ...
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In winter - 50 degrees, - 60 degrees - insufficient sunlight - polar nights (several months) In summer: polar days (the sun does not go beyond the horizon) Health effects: - negative - excessive fatigue - irresistible drowsiness - insomnia
Acclimatization in the Northern regions.
Polar day 2 a.m.
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Leading in human adaptation to a cold climate is the improvement of thermoregulatory mechanisms: basal metabolism and heat generation increase, while the "liveliness" of vascular reactions increases, which protects the body from possible chills or frostbite during heat transfer. Human acclimatization in the North can be accelerated and regulated by changing the sanitary and hygienic situation, living conditions, nutrition, way of life, type of clothing, etc. According to modern concepts, in a cold polar climate, a person needs nutrition that is full in all respects with an increase in the calorie content of the daily diet to 4500 -5000 kcal. Meals should be distinguished by a large intake of fats and proteins compared to carbohydrates, be varied, contain a sufficient amount of mineral salts and vitamins.
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Features: - high temperature or dryness - intense solar radiation (ultraviolet rays) - fast tanning (tanning is a protective reaction of the skin from the sun's rays, excess causes a burn).
Acclimatization in hot climates
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Acclimatization to a hot climate is associated with overheating, excess ultraviolet radiation, and in the desert zone, with the phenomena of desert disease. High temperature and humidity of the air impede heat transfer, cause overheating of the body, which is manifested by serious metabolic changes, dyspeptic disorders, a decrease in blood pressure and other symptoms. A hot, dry climate makes it difficult to regulate water-salt metabolism, kidney function, but at the same time enhances the body's heat transfer by increasing sweating. In hot, humid climates, sweating, on the contrary, decreases and heat transfer occurs mainly through heat radiation, accompanied by a significant expansion of the surface vessels of the skin.
(radiation)
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Altitude sickness - the higher, the lower the air pressure. - Decreased oxygen - intense solar radiation. Altitude: 1500 m - 3000 m (slight oxygen deficiency) Breathing faster, blood circulation - increased. 3000 m and above - oxygen starvation Symptoms (signs) heaviness in the head, - headache, low performance, - impaired coordination of movement - shortness of breath - the skin is pale or red Rules: rise gradually slowly Periodic rest Nutrition + vitamin C
Mountain acclimatization
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The nature and duration of acclimatization in high altitude conditions depends both on the complex of mountain climatic factors and on the initial functional state of the organism, its reserve capabilities. The first phase of acclimatization usually lasts from several days to several weeks and months. An important role during this period is played by such mechanisms as redistribution of blood flow between organs, impaired microcirculation, impaired oxygen content in tissues and cells, insignificant activation of metabolic processes. In phase II, the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells increases, the level of basal metabolism decreases, and the activity of oxidative processes increases. In the III phase of acclimatization, the physiological functions of the body are stabilized, which is usually manifested by a certain decrease in the heart rate, a slowdown in the blood flow rate, a decrease in basal metabolism, that is, a more economical expenditure of the energy resources of the human body.
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Acclimatization is the process of gradual adaptation of the human body to new climatic (natural) conditions.
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Acclimatization is based on the body's ability to adapt (rebuild) to new conditions to ensure the constancy of the internal environment: to regulate body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, etc.
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In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, signs of fatigue appear, and efficiency decreases.
The more the climatic conditions of the new place of stay differ from the usual, the worse the person is prepared for life in the new conditions, the more difficult and longer is the process of acclimatization.
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Acclimatization in cold climates.
- is associated with adaptation to factors such as
- low air temperatures,
- strong wind,
- violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day).
Acclimatization can be prolonged and accompanied by
- excessive fatigue,
- irresistible drowsiness,
- decreased appetite.
As a person gets used to new conditions, these unpleasant phenomena disappear.
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Proper nutrition helps to speed up acclimatization in cold climates.
At this time, the calorie diet should be increased compared to the usual diet.
Food must contain the necessary set of vitamins and minerals.
In cold climates, clothing should have increased heat and windproof properties.
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Acclimatization in hot climates
The beginning of acclimatization in hot climates may be accompanied by muscle weakness, palpitations, and increased sweating.
In hot climates, the likelihood of heat and sunstroke increases.
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To avoid these and other troubles, it is important from the first day to adapt your regime to local climatic conditions.
To do this, you should take a closer look at the clothes and daily routine of local residents.
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The main advice to tourists: observe the measure in everything and follow the following recommendations:
- on arrival at the place of rest, you should not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day;
- overload yourself with unnecessary sun exposure;
- overload the body with excessive and repeated bathing;
- you should constantly monitor your health and performance;
- intelligently plan the load;
- products of national cuisine should not be overused.
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REMEMBER:
the main goal of your trip is not to set a record in something at any cost, but to learn the world and improve your health
View all slides
Acclimatization is the process of gradual adaptation of the human body to new climatic conditions. Acclimatization is based on the body's ability to adapt (rebuild) to new conditions in order to ensure the constancy of the internal environment (body temperature, blood pressure, metabolism, etc.). In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, fatigue appears and performance decreases. The more the climatic conditions of the new place of stay differ from the usual, the worse the person is prepared for life in the new conditions, the more difficult and longer is the process of acclimatization.
Acclimatization with a change of residence is inevitable, since any organism reacts to changes in the external environment and adapts to them. But acclimatization goes differently for different people. It is noted that healthy, hardened people with good physical fitness adapt to new conditions of existence faster and with fewer deviations. In addition, more successful acclimatization is facilitated by the ability of a person to change his mode of life, clothing, food and bring them in line with new conditions, using the experience of local residents.
Therefore, for the rest, which will take place in other climatic conditions, you need to prepare and try to do everything to help the body quickly adapt to new conditions. In order to increase the body's ability to quickly acclimatize, constant and intense physical preparation is required long before the trip. Daily physical exercises, hardening procedures, jogging, skiing, participation in hiking trips - all this significantly increases the adaptive capabilities of your body.
Arriving at the place of rest, do not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day, constantly monitor your well-being and capabilities, do not overload yourself with unnecessary exposure to the sun, excessive and repeated bathing, reasonably plan the load. Do everything in moderation. For example, consider some of the features of acclimatization in different climatic conditions.
Acclimatization in cold climates
Acclimatization in a cold climate, especially in the Far North, is associated with adaptation to factors such as low air temperatures, strong winds, violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day). Acclimatization here can last for a long time and be accompanied by excessive fatigue, irresistible drowsiness, and decreased appetite. As a person gets used to new conditions, these unpleasant phenomena disappear.
Proper organization of food helps to accelerate acclimatization in cold climates. At this time, the calorie diet should be increased compared to your usual diet. Food must contain the necessary set of vitamins and minerals. In cold climates, clothing should have increased heat and windproof properties.
Acclimatization in hot climates
Hot climate conditions vary.... So, the subtropics and tropics are characterized by high temperature, humidity and solar radiation; for desert zones - high temperature, solar radiation and low air humidity. The beginning of acclimatization in hot climates may be accompanied by muscle weakness, palpitations, and increased sweating. In hot climates, the likelihood of heat and sunstroke increases.
Heatstroke (a condition that occurs with general overheating and is characterized by fatigue, headache, weakness, dizziness) is most likely at high temperatures and humidity. Under these conditions, the body's heat exchange with the environment is disturbed - the body overheats.
Sunstroke can happen if you are exposed to the sun for a long time with your head uncovered. The effects of sunstroke are no different from those of heatstroke.
To avoid these and other troubles, it is important from the first day to adapt your regime to local climatic conditions. To do this, you should take a closer look at the clothes and daily routine of local residents. In the heat, it is better to wear light-colored clothes made of cotton fabric, wear a light white headdress on your head. On a hot day, you need to be in the shade more often, in the hottest time (from 1 pm to 4 pm) you can sleep.
You can not get too carried away with tanning... Better to sunbathe in the morning with a gradual increase in the dose of sunbathing.
To acclimatize faster, it is very important to observe the water-salt regime, at which a normal ratio is ensured between the amount of water and mineral salts entering and excreted from the body.
You need to drink in the heat not only to quench your thirst, but also to compensate for the loss of water and mineral salts, which, along with sweat, leave the body. Drink slowly, in small sips. You can drink mineral water, tea quenches thirst well.
Let us draw your attention to several general provisions to ensure accelerated acclimatization when changing climatic conditions. In the first days of your stay in a new place, do not overload yourself with various activities, especially if the trip was associated with a change of time zones. Allow the body to get used to the new conditions within two to three days.
Follow your drinking regimen taking into account local conditions and the needs of your body. Do not get carried away with local cuisine, you can try them, but it is better to stick to your usual foods in your diet. Observe the measure in everything. Constantly monitor your health and physical condition. Do not do anything with force and without desire.
The main goal of your trip is not to set a record in something at any cost, but to get to know the world and improve your health.
Check yourself
■ What is acclimatization and how is it manifested?
■ What factors primarily contribute to the rapid acclimatization of a person in new conditions?
■ What are the features of acclimatization in hot climates?
■ Are you physically fit to travel to a hot country?
After lessons
Consider how to avoid heat and sunstroke in hot climates. Record recommendations in your safety diary.
Consider safety precautions to be followed in cold climates. Find examples from popular science and fiction literature. Develop guidelines for yourself on clothing, daily routine, and nutrition in case you find yourself in cold climates.
Additional material
Topic: Acclimatization
Lesson type: lesson of study and primary consolidation of new educational material.
Equipment: training presentation, text of the textbook
During the classes:
I. Stage "Organizing moment".
III. Stage "Call". Actualization, goal setting, motivation.
IV. Stage "Comprehension". Reception "Brainstorming
V. Stage "Final". Assessment of knowledge
VI Stage "Reflection".
Presentation of mini-booklets on the disadvantages of "metals of life" in the human body (optional)
II. Stage "Checking homework"
Homework check
Assignment: Solve the puzzle and name the topic and purpose of our lesson.
II. Stage "Call".
Actualization, goal setting, motivation.
Topic: Acclimatization
Purpose: To form in students an idea of acclimatization as an inevitable process taking place in the human body and associated with the adaptation of the body to new climatic conditions.
- To acquaint with the factors influencing the acclimatization of a person to new conditions.
- To analyze the features of human acclimatization to cold and hot climates.
- Discuss the general rules of human behavior in new climatic conditions to ensure his personal safety.
So, the topic of today's lesson is "Acclimatization". This term is probably already familiar to you.
1. What meaning do you give it?
2. When do you use it?
3. Do you think all people endure the acclimatization process in the same way?
IV. Stage "Comprehension".
Reception "Brainstorming- students are invited to read prepared texts and answer the teacher's questions:
- What is the name of the first phase of acclimatization?
- What is the name of the second phase of acclimatization?
- What physiological changes occur in the human body during this phase?
- What is the name of the third phase of acclimatization?
- What physiological changes occur in the human body during this phase?
- What is the name of the fourth phase of acclimatization?
- What physiological changes occur in the human body during this phase?
- List the general rules of human behavior in new climatic conditions to ensure his personal safety
- Can you explain the term "re-acclimatization"?
Phases (periods) of acclimatization.
There are 4 periods (phases) of acclimatization:
First phase - indicative.
For this phase, the characteristic general lethargy, a slight decrease in gas exchange, performance, impaired circulatory function, gastrointestinal tract.
Second phase - high reactivity... In this phase, neuropsychic excitability, an increase in basic metabolism, an increase in the activity of the central nervous system prevail, the activity of the endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory and other physiological systems of the body is activated.
Third phase- alignment(economization or normalization) of functions occurs after 3-5 weeks of stay in an unusual climate or time zone. In this phase, the level of gas exchange stabilizes, the coefficient of oxygen utilization of the inhaled air increases, the endurance and performance of the body increases.
Fourth phase - characterized by more stable or relatively complete acclimatization. It takes several months and sometimes years to form.
Acclimatization does not occur instantly, this process is gradual and manifests itself, as a rule, on the second or third day of being in a new environment. Most often, people think that they suffer from colds, which were triggered by the usual phenomena - they drank cold water, swallowed in the pool, slipped through in the car. Usually this sluggish state lasts for 2-4 days. Therefore, if you went on vacation for a week, be prepared that acclimatization will interfere with your relaxation - you can lie in your room for half of your vacation. On the other hand, even this kind of passive rest will help you unload after a hard working marathon.
Acclimatization is especially pronounced when a person goes to hot countries, although during this period of time he is used to living in winter. As a result, the process of heat transfer is disturbed in a person, there are malfunctions in the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. A dry climate, by the way, is much more easily tolerated than a humid one. Acclimatization also occurs when a person moves from summer to winter. Everything affects a person's well-being: a change in the time zone, and a change in humidity, temperature, food, water.
Acclimatization is a certain restructuring, getting used to new climatic and geographical conditions. Doctors believe acclimatization is normal. This is how the organism reminds of itself, “expresses its interest” in the new conditions of life. Some doctors even recommend their patients to change their habitats - the more often the body experiences acclimatization, the better for it - many chronic diseases can completely recede.
By the way, the healthier a person leads, the easier it is for him to adapt to the new environment. If the immune system is weakened, then acclimatization cannot be avoided.
Peculiarities:
- 50 degrees,
60 degrees
- lack of sunlight
- negative
- excessive fatigue
- irresistible drowsiness - insomnia
Polar nights (several months)
polar days (the sun does not go over the horizon)
Impact on health:
Acclimatization in the Northern regions.
Peculiarities:
- altitude sickness
- the higher, the lower the air pressure.
- oxygen decrease
- intense solar radiation.
- impaired coordination of movement
- dyspnea
- the skin is pale or red
- periodic rest
- food + vitamin C
1500 m - 3000 m (slight oxygen deficiency), breathing is faster, blood circulation is increased.
3000 m and above - oxygen starvation
Symptoms (signs) heaviness in the head,
Headache, low performance,
Rise gradually slowly
Mountain acclimatization
Peculiarities:
- high fever or dryness
- intense solar radiation (ultraviolet rays)
- quick tanning (excess causes burns)
- (Sunburn is a protective reaction of the skin from the sun's rays).
Acclimatization in hot climates
There is also such a thing as re-acclimatization - this is the return of the body to its normal state. It manifests itself in the same way as acclimatization - body aches, headache, chills, fever.
Body aches
Headache
Temperature
We form a conclusion and write it down in a notebook:
Conclusion: acclimatization is an inevitable process that occurs in the human body and is associated with the adaptation of the body to new climatic conditions.
Psychological test. Who do you see in the picture
Face - it's already winter. You should be more attentive to your health. Listen to yourself, maybe it's time to get some rest. Fashion is fashion and your legs and head should be kept warm. In general, pay more attention to details and pay attention to little things. Village- you can't be so picky about others. You risk being branded as a bore. More positivity. The better you treat others, the better they will treat you. Don't let your irritation run wild. This may end in a quarrel with a loved one. Winter field- You do not think like everyone else, you have your own point of view and your own vision of the world on everything. This is good, although sometimes those around you do not understand. But it doesn't matter. Everything will be ok. The main thing is that you do not deviate from the intended path. You need a little more self-confidence. Your main motto is "Calm, only calm". Trees- if in the picture you first of all paid attention to the trees, then you urgently need to change something in your life. You are sorely lacking positive emotions and warmth. Look for it from people close to you.
General rules of human behavior in new climatic conditions to ensure his personal safety. Before a hike or a long trip, you should follow certain rules of human behavior when preparing for a trip and in places of rest. Rule 1. For the rest, which will take place in other climatic conditions, you need to prepare and try to do everything to help the body quickly adapt to new conditions. In order to increase the body's ability to quickly acclimatize, constant and intense physical preparation is required long before the trip. Daily exercise, hardening procedures - all this significantly increases the adaptive capabilities of the body. Rule 2. Arriving at a place of rest, do not rush to immediately get all the pleasures in one day, constantly control your feelings and possibilities, do not overload yourself with excessive sun exposure, excessive and repeated bathing, reasonably plan the load. Do everything in moderation.
Rule 3. In the first days of staying in a new place, do not overload yourself with various activities, especially if the trip was associated with a change of time zones. Let the body get used to the new conditions within 2-3 days.
Rule 4. Follow the drinking regime, taking into account local conditions and the needs of your body. Do not get carried away with the dishes of the local cuisine, you can try them, but in the diet it is better to stick to the usual products. Observe the measure in everything.
V. Stage "Reflection".
- Reception "What have you learned in the lesson?"
- Reception "Sinkwine" (optional)
In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, signs of fatigue appear, and efficiency decreases. The more the climatic conditions of the new place of stay differ from the usual, the worse the person is prepared for life in the new conditions, the more difficult and longer is the process of acclimatization. In the process of acclimatization, a person's well-being worsens to a certain extent, signs of fatigue appear, and efficiency decreases. The more the climatic conditions of the new place of stay differ from the usual, the worse the person is prepared for life in the new conditions, the more difficult and longer is the process of acclimatization.
Acclimatization in cold climates. associated with adaptation to factors such as low air temperatures, low air temperatures, strong winds, strong winds, violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day), violation of the light regime (polar night and polar day). Acclimatization can be prolonged and accompanied by excessive fatigue, excessive fatigue, irresistible drowsiness, irresistible drowsiness, decreased appetite, decreased appetite. As a person gets used to new conditions, these unpleasant phenomena disappear.
Acclimatization in cold climates. proper organization of food. Proper nutrition helps to speed up acclimatization in cold climates. At this time, the calorie diet should be increased compared to the usual diet. Food must contain the necessary set of vitamins and minerals. In cold climates, clothing should have increased heat and windproof properties.
Acclimatization in hot climates The beginning of acclimatization in hot climates can be accompanied by muscle weakness, palpitations, increased sweating. In hot climates, the likelihood of heat and sunstroke increases.
The main advice for tourists The main advice for tourists: observe the measure in everything and follow the following recommendations: you should not rush to get all the pleasures in one day upon arrival at the place of rest; you should not rush to get all the pleasures in one day upon arrival at the place of rest; overload yourself with excessive sun exposure; overburden yourself with excessive sun exposure; overload the body with excessive and repeated bathing; overload the body with excessive and repeated bathing; you should constantly monitor your well-being and performance; you should constantly monitor your well-being and performance; plan the workloads intelligently; plan the workloads intelligently; products of national cuisine should not be overused. products of national cuisine should not be overused.
