It is important for each person to know the name of the internal organs and their location. This is necessary for the timely detection of a particular disease. The abdominal cavity contains most of the important viscera: the digestive organs and the genitourinary system. The peritoneum is a space in the human body, closed at the top by the diaphragm. The bottom of the cavity falls on the pelvic region. The organs of the abdominal cavity every day ensure the normal functioning of the entire human body.
The peritoneum is a cavity with viscera, the walls of which are covered with a sulfuric membrane, permeated with muscles, adipose tissue and connective tissue formations. Mesothelium (sulfur shell) produces a special lubricant that prevents organs from rubbing against each other. This protects a person from discomfort and pain, provided that the organs are healthy.
The abdominal space contains the stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, abdominal aorta, organs of the digestive tract and the genitourinary system. All organs perform their function, which is important for the vital activity of the organism. Since their main role is digestion, it is customary to call them when speaking about them in general.
Important! The abdomen serves as a protective membrane for the entire internal organ system in front. Behind the protective function is performed by the bones: the pelvis and the spine.
The digestive system does the following job:
- digests food;
- performs a protective and endocrine function;
- helps to absorb nutrients;
- manages the process of hematopoiesis;
- eliminates toxins and poison entering the body.
The genitourinary system, in turn, performs the reproductive and endocrine function, removes metabolic products from the body.
A distinctive feature of the male and female composition of the abdominal cavity is only the genitals. All organs of the digestive system are identical and are located the same. An exception can only be a congenital pathology of internal organs.
Anatomical structure of the abdominal organs
The study of the structure and location of the viscera in the human body is the science of anatomy. Thanks to her, people can find out the location of the insides and understand what hurts them.
Stomach
A cavity consisting of muscles that serves as a storage, mixing and digesting function for food. People with food addictions have an enlarged stomach. Located between the esophagus and the duodenum. Thanks to pulsating contractions, which is part of the organ's motor activity, it removes chemicals, poisons and other harmful substances from the body. Thus, a protective (immune) function is carried out.
In the gastric sac, proteins are broken down, water is absorbed. All incoming food is mixed and passed into the intestines. The quality and speed of digestion of food depends on the sex and age of the person, the presence or absence of diseases, the capacity, and the working capacity of the stomach.
The stomach is pear-shaped. Normally, its capacity does not exceed one liter. When overeating or ingesting a large number the liquid increases to 4 liters. Thus, its location also changes. An overcrowded organ is capable of dropping down to the level of the navel.
They can be very painful, so you need to be careful about any unpleasant symptoms that arise in it.
Gall bladder
Serves as a cavity for the accumulation of bile, excreted by the liver. Therefore, it is next to her, in a special hole. Its structure consists of a body, bottom and neck. The walls of the organ include several membranes. It is sulfuric, mucous, muscular and submucous.
Liver
It is an important digestive gland for the functioning of the body. The mass of an organ in an adult often reaches one and a half kilograms. She is able to eliminate poisons, toxins. Participates in many metabolic processes. It is engaged in hematopoiesis in the unborn baby during the period of its gestation by the mother, the assimilation of glucose and cholesterol, and the maintenance of normal lipid levels.
The liver has an amazing ability to regenerate, but can seriously compromise human health.
Spleen
The parenchymal lymphoid organ located behind the stomach, under the diaphragm. This is the upper part of the peritoneum. The composition includes a diaphragmatic and vesceral surface with an anterior and posterior pole. The organ is a capsule filled with red and white pulp inside. It is engaged in protecting the body from harmful microorganisms, creates blood flow in the unborn baby in the womb and in an adult. Has the ability to renew the membranes of erythrocytes and platelets. It is the main source of lymphocyte production. Capable of trapping and purifying microbes.
Pancreas
An organ of the digestive system, second only in size to the liver. Its location is the retroperitoneal space, slightly behind the stomach. The mass reaches 100 grams, and the length is 20 centimeters. The structure of the organ looks like this:
The pancreas has the ability to produce a hormone called insulin. He is involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels. The main function of the organ is the production of gastric juice, without which food cannot be digested.
A person cannot live without a pancreas, therefore one should know for this organ.
Small intestine
There is no longer an organ in the digestive system. It looks like a tangled pipe. Connects the stomach and large intestine. For men it reaches seven meters, for women - 5 meters. The tube includes a couple of sections: duodenum as well as ileal, skinny. The structure of the first section is as follows:
The two second sections are called the mesenteric part of the organ. The jejunum is located above on the left side, the ileum below in right area peritoneum.
Colon
The organ is one and a half meters long. Connects the small intestine to the anus. Consists of . Feces accumulate in the rectum, from where they are excreted from the body through the anus.
What is not included in the digestive system
All other organs "living" in the peritoneal zone belong to the genitourinary system. These are the kidneys, adrenal glands, bladder, and also the ureters, female and male genitals.
The kidneys are shaped like beans. They are located in the lumbar region. The right organ is comparatively smaller than the left. Paired organs perform the cleansing and secretory function of urine. They regulate chemical processes. The adrenal glands produce a variety of hormones:
- norepinephrine;
- adrenalin;
- corticosteroids;
- androgens;
- cortisone and cortisol.
From the name you can understand the location of the glands in the body - above the kidneys. Organs help people to adapt to different living conditions.
Important! Thanks to the adrenal glands, a person remains resistant in stressful situations, which protects the central nervous system from negative influences.
The appendix is a small organ of the peritoneum, an appendage of the cecum. Its size is no more than one centimeter in diameter, and reaches twelve millimeters in length. Protects the gastrointestinal tract from the development of diseases.
How are peritoneal organs checked for pathology?
The main method for diagnosing the health of the abdominal organs is ultrasound. The study does not damage the structural units of tissues, therefore it is safe for the body. The procedure can be carried out repeatedly, if necessary. When the eventration develops, the methods of tapping (percussion), palpation and listening (auscultation) of the peritoneal organs are used. The correct location of the viscera, the presence of foci of infection can be checked by means of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CT (computed tomography).
Important! Diseases of the abdominal organs can threaten human life. Therefore, at the first symptoms, pain in the peritoneal zones, immediately seek help from a healthcare professional.
What diseases affect the abdominal cavity?
When a bacterial infection enters the body, appendicitis can develop. Treatment is carried out using a surgical method, that is, the appendix is removed. Organ prolapse is often diagnosed. The stomach usually goes down first. Therapy includes proper nutrition prescribed by a nutritionist, exercise therapy and wearing a special belt - a bandage.
With the development of intestinal obstruction or the appearance of adhesions, an operation is performed. If adhesions have become the cause of obstruction, they are removed, but exclusively for health reasons. In such cases, relapses are possible. With frequent exacerbations of obstruction, doctors recommend a slag-free diet.
When contacting a doctor, it is not necessary if the symptoms disappear within a couple of days. It is important to drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. If the patient does not feel better on the third day, it is necessary to go to the clinic. Doctors will prescribe the necessary tests, complex treatment. In most cases, these are drugs.
The most common disease in the retroperitoneal area is hemorrhoids. Pathology brings a lot of unpleasant sensations. With unbearable pain syndrome, doctors carry out surgical treatment... If the progression of the disease is moderate, therapy is performed drugs, lotions, compresses and baths with herbal preparations.
Abdominal hernia - a congenital or acquired disease, as a result of which a thick or small intestine... It occurs during pregnancy, obesity or heavy physical exertion due to constant pressure on a certain point in the peritoneum. Another reason is the strong pressure on the lining of the internal organs. Pathology is treated through surgery.
How and what to eat for healthy digestion?
To make the body feel comfortable, it is worth acquiring several useful habits:
- Watch what you eat. Introduce more vegetables, fruits, cereals into the diet. Avoid fatty, salty, and sugary foods.
- Chew thoroughly. All products should be eaten slowly and chopped well with the teeth. This will help avoid bloating and gastrointestinal upset.
- Have a snack. Instead of three standard meals, switch to 5-6 meals a day. Reduce portions for breakfast, lunch and dinner, and in the meantime, satisfy your hunger with vegetables, fruits, dairy products, nuts.
- Eliminate fatty foods. Fats only bring problems with digestion, excess weight and develop pathologies of the heart muscle. Try to steam or bake dishes.
- Cook it yourself. Self-prepared food is healthier and more nutritious for the body. Semi-finished products, being high-calorie, salty, harm the digestive system and the body as a whole.
The anatomical structure of the abdominal organs is carefully studied in many laboratories by modern scientists. This will facilitate the possibility of diagnosing the pathologies of this zone in the early stages of the development of diseases. As a result, the preparation and treatment of patients will be carried out faster, preventing the pathology from moving to more severe stages of progression. At the same time, radical methods of solving problems will recede into the background.
Organ health is highly dependent on the individual. Timely diagnostics and therapeutic procedures increase the chances of full restoration of organ function. Therefore, you should seek help at the first symptoms of malaise.
Anton palaznikov
Gastroenterologist, therapist
Work experience over 7 years.
Professional skills: diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system.
After the invention of diagnostics with the help of an ultrasound apparatus, many unsolved secrets of the human body were revealed to doctors. Doctors began to see internal organs, their condition and inflammatory processes, therefore, this study is now the most used for making error-free diagnoses. This is how the entire retroperitoneal space, intestines, the reproductive system in women, and the prostate in men are examined. If ultrasound is carried out as planned, then there is a high probability of preventing any disease at an early stage.
Indications for the appointment of an abdominal ultrasound
Ultrasound is not a painful procedure, so patients always easily agree to have it. Ultrasound allows you to accurately determine the shape, structure, size and localization of the abdominal organs, ducts and vessels. The indications for an ultrasound examination by a doctor are the following symptoms:
- Bitterness in the mouth.
- Pain in the abdomen of any kind.
- Drawing or bursting pain after eating.
- Increased gas production in the stomach or intestines.
- Abdominal trauma.
- Assessment of inflammatory lesions of the genitourinary system.
- Search for primary tumors and metastases.
- Pregnancy.
- Clinical symptoms (jaundice, blood in the urine, etc.).
Heaviness in the right hypochondrium.
What organs are checked with an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity
The abdominal cavity is bounded from above by the diaphragm, from behind by the spinal column, fiber, and back muscles. The inner surface of the abdomen is covered with the peritoneum (a thin sheath with nerve endings). The abdominal organs examined by ultrasound include:
- Partially covered with peritoneum: large and small intestine, duodenum.
- Retroperitoneal space: inferior vena cava and its tributaries, abdominal aorta and its branches, ureters, adrenal glands, kidneys.
- Preperitoneal space: bladder, uterus, prostate gland.
Completely covered with peritoneum: stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, liver.
How to prepare for an ultrasound scan
An abdominal ultrasound is a procedure that should be prepared for in advance to get accurate results. For example, if a woman, on the eve of the examination, consumed foods that caused flatulence, then after an ultrasound scan, this fact will cause difficulties in visualizing the spleen, pancreas, liver or biliary structure. Or if the patient is taking medication, then it is necessary to refuse them or warn the specialist who will conduct the ultrasound examination about it.
It is especially necessary to take seriously the diagnosis of the small pelvis: before undergoing an ultrasound scan, you need to cleanse the intestines, and in a few days start drinking herbs and drugs that improve digestion, reduce gas formation: tea made from lemon balm, mint, chamomile, ginger. If a child needs to be examined, it is also advisable to put him on a diet on the eve of an ultrasound scan. Give him enzymes (festal, activated charcoal) a couple of days before the due date to avoid flatulence during the ultrasound exam.
How many days do you need to start a diet?
Patients are always interested in whether it is possible to eat before an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity. Yes, but doctors warn that a special balanced diet must be followed for three days before the procedure. It is advisable to eat every three to four hours, and there should be at least 4 meals. The use of low-fat cheese, meat, fish is recommended. Cereal cereals must be present in the daily diet: buckwheat, oatmeal, barley. 1 boiled egg a day harmoniously complements the diet.
What not to eat before testing
On the eve of the ultrasound, a diet is prescribed so that the conclusions of the studies are correct, because ultrasonic waves cannot pass through the air in the stomach. Before undergoing the procedure, you should avoid any products that contribute to gas formation: dairy and sour milk, muffins, raw vegetables, sweets, carbonated drinks. You also need to give up too salty, spicy and fatty foods, and immediately before the procedure - from alcohol, smoking, chewing gum, lozenges, so as not to provoke stomach cramps.
How much can you eat on the day of the ultrasound
How cleaner body on the day of the ultrasound scan, the more accurate the decoding of the diagnosis will be, and, as a result, more effective treatment, faster recovery. A short-term diet before an abdominal ultrasound will help improve the condition of the whole body, which is important for both men and women. The day before the procedure, you need to have dinner no later than 7 pm, and on the day of the ultrasound, you cannot eat anything.
Do I need to drink before an abdominal ultrasound
During the diet, 2-3 days before the ultrasound, doctors recommend drinking herbal infusions, weak tea or non-carbonated water, but not more than 1.5 liters per day. On the day of the ultrasound, you can not drink anything. It is recommended not to drink for a few hours before the procedure, so that the digestive system is completely empty. But this does not create many inconveniences for patients, since most doctors prescribe an ultrasound scan in the morning, and after examinations, they are allowed to drink and eat as much as they want.
If an ultrasound of the kidneys is planned or Bladder, then the preparation for the procedure involves the use of water for the acoustic window, so the patient is prescribed to drink a lot of fluids. But it must be borne in mind that you need to drink non-carbonated drinks slowly, without swallowing a lot of air, so that during the examination it does not form a space in the stomach that will not allow the device to read the information correctly.
How it goes and what gives an abdominal ultrasound
The algorithm for conducting an ultrasound examination is as follows: the patient undresses in the diagnostic room, exposes the abdominal cavity, lies down on the couch, which is located next to the apparatus. Sometimes during the diagnosis, a person needs to lie on his side or stomach, when the adrenal glands and kidneys are visible, because they are better visualized from several angles.
Then the doctor applies to the sensor head and skin the patient is a special conductive gel that excludes the reflection of ultrasonic waves from the body surface. During the procedure, the doctor gives commands regarding the depth of breathing, using a sensor, scans the abdominal organs. The ultrasound signal goes from the sensor to the organ under study, and, being reflected, returns to the monitor, where the specialist fixes it. The procedure lasts, depending on the organs diagnosed, from 5 to 60 minutes.
In the first moments after the application of the gel, the patient can feel cold in the examination area, feel light pressure from the sensor. Ultrasound does not bring any more unpleasant sensations. But if an ultrasound scan is performed to determine internal damage, then the patient may experience slight pain when the doctor passes the sensor over the body. The ultrasonic waves themselves are not felt or heard in any way.
The diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasound is very high; this study examines in detail most of the vital organs of a person. Modern ultrasound machines will reveal the most insignificant changes in the body, assess the rate of development of any disease, and allow the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis. Key research parameters include:
- the presence and structure of additional education;
- violations, deformation of organs;
- chronic diseases.
the size and location of the abdominal organs;
Deciphering the ultrasound will show any deviations from the norm, which will allow you to start treatment on time and avoid unpleasant consequences. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity 100% determines the following diseases:
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- all inflammatory processes;
- the presence of stones;
- tissue damage;
- condition of the appendages and uterus in women;
- accumulation of unbound fluid;
- tumors of the prostate gland in men.
rupture of the gallbladder;
Video
The presence of contrast agents in the intestine or stomach can affect the results of ultrasound examination. The device can distort the results if the patient was not motionless during the procedure or a dressing or open wound got into the scan area. Extreme obesity also affects the accuracy of the results.
If you go to the procedure, you need to take with you a disposable diaper, which is sold in any pharmacy, napkins to remove the remains of the gel after the examination, and shoe covers so as not to take off your shoes at the doctor's. Although in a private clinic, as a rule, all these things are provided. Watch the video below, in which a specialist will tell you in more detail what preparation is needed for an ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.
Found a mistake in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we'll fix it!Discuss
What is included in an abdominal ultrasound
The organs of the abdominal cavity are what every person has and invariably, from day to day, ensures the normal well-coordinated work of the body. Unfortunately, very few people know what the scheme is or where are these or those internal organs, their departments and what is their general structure?
Location of the abdominal organs
The organs of the abdominal cavity include the following systems: the kidneys and adrenal glands, the gallbladder and ureter, as well as the liver, spleen and the entire gastrointestinal tract. In front and on the sides, their location is limited by the abdominal wall, which is permeated with muscles, as well as adipose tissue and connective tissue formations that are present in every person without exception, which can be seen in all the pictures.
In general, the abdominal cavity can be defined as all that space that is under the diaphragm. It is in it that all the organs are concentrated, and the abdominal region passes into the pelvic region. The space behind the peritoneum is characterized by the fact that it is covered with a serous membrane, which extends to all internal organs of a person.
It should be noted that due to some physiological characteristics, friction of the surfaces of internal organs against each other does not occur. A similar effect is achieved due to the presence of the epithelial cover, as well as the serous fluid that complements the structure, which can be seen in the pictures and in the photo. The separator of organs that belong to the thoracic and abdominal cavity is the diaphragm, the location of which is always the same.
In the upper region of the peritoneum is the stomach and its sections that contain food. It is known that it is its quantity that directly affects the size of a given human organ. The stomach itself resembles a small pouch with a specific outlet, namely a tube, which is known as the intestine.
Certain functions are assigned to it, for example, the absorption of the main part of the nutrient components.
The presented sections of the gastrointestinal tract end in any person with an anal opening, which is obvious in any photo or pictures. Experts point to the following features that determine the structure of this system:
- the spleen belongs to the organs of the abdominal cavity and the space behind the peritoneum. This happens despite the fact that she belongs to lymphatic system, but it can be found (for example, during an ultrasound scan) under the left hypochondrium;
- the upper part of the abdominal region is occupied by the liver, which attaches to the diaphragm, stomach, as well as the intestines and abdominal wall through ligaments. It is she who is responsible for the formation and secretion of bile and similar components;
- the safety of the location of all internal organs of a person is ensured by the abdominal press. This is most important in an upright position.
It should be noted that the internal organs have even more specific protection, namely the one that is provided by the bones. From the back it is vertebral column and pelvic bones, in front - exclusively muscles. There are other forms of protection that allow you to cope with and cope with any extreme situations and even injuries. It should also be noted that it is possible to control how correct the structure of the internal organs in a person is, whether certain departments work correctly using ultrasound. This particular method is 100% effective. Some of the differences between men and women in the structure of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity - below.
Differences in the structure of internal organs between men and women
Before moving on to the structural features of the internal organs of males and females, which are visible even in the paintings, I would like to draw your attention to some other points. In particular, the fact that a very thin serous membrane should be considered a characteristic feature of the structure of the peritoneal organs. We are talking about mesothelial tissue, which has a significant amount of strong fibers.
In addition, the mesothelium provides the production of lubricant, reduces friction of organs - it is due to this feature, which characterizes the human structure, we do not experience painful and simply unpleasant sensations.
Such pain can manifest itself only in diseases or inflammatory conditions, infectious lesions.
Speaking directly about female representatives, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that one of the main differences is the presence of tubes in the pelvic area that communicate directly with the uterus. Through the vagina, the genital area is able to communicate with the external environment, which is obvious in the pictures. Fix certain internal female organs of the reproductive system, as well as prostate in men it is possible to perform ultrasound of human peritoneal organs, which is demonstrated by some other departments.
If we talk specifically about the abdominal organs of the male representatives, then they are located exclusively in a confined space. However, regardless of the sex of a particular person, the internal organs and their structure are always determined by the presence of a serous membrane. The only difference is whether this or that inner area is partially covered, or the film is located on the entire surface part.
In general, the placement of the peritoneal organs and the space behind the peritoneum is possible in three ways. The first includes extraperitoneal, which is characterized by the fact that the peritoneum covers the viscera exclusively in front. This is typical of the kidneys. Further, to the second option, experts rank the mesoperitoneal one, within the framework of the development of which only three sides of one or another interior have a coating, and the fourth remains uncovered. The most typical example is the liver, which is almost completely covered with a serous membrane.
The third option is intraperitoneal, which is characterized by the fitting of the organ with the abdominal region from all sides. Here, one example is the small intestine. About how exactly the diagnosis of human internal organs is carried out, how their structure is determined and much more, further.
How are the abdominal organs diagnosed?
In order to 100% accurately determine the location and any other features of the abdominal organs in men and women, it is necessary to attend to a diagnostic examination. The main technique is ultrasound, due to which, as in the pictures, it is obvious, for example, the key causes of pain in the abdomen. In addition, the state of the gallbladder and liver is assessed, and the pancreas and aorta are examined.
The specialist gets the opportunity to visually verify whether the stones are in the ducts that excrete bile, whether it is possible to confirm the existing suspicion of ascites. In addition, it is the presented method of examination, as in the pictures, that organic kidney damage and an acute form of appendicitis are revealed. On ultrasound, it is ideal to view the topography of the peritoneal organs.
In general, as experts note, the procedure is completely harmless and safe, it is permissible to carry it out quite often, due to the lack of influence of ultrasonic waves on the structural structure of cells.
Experts can judge how correctly the peritoneal organs are located, determine the degree of development of pathological conditions when performing not only ultrasound, but also CT or MRI. The presented diagnostic techniques easily identify focal lesions, as well as fatty liver regeneration, dystrophic and ischemic algorithms, which can become more and more intense with age.
At the same time, for example, stones (deposits of calcium salts) cannot be recorded on MRI images and pictures. In the overwhelming majority of cases, their cost is approximately comparable to the implementation of a diagnostic examination by means of ultrasound.
Considering all this, it can be confidently asserted that today specialists know everything about the structure of not only internal organs, but also all those structures that enter the abdominal cavity. They provide 100% well-coordinated work of the body, fully providing all physiological processes.
Important!
HOW TO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE RISK OF GETTING CANCER?
Time limit: 0
Navigation (job numbers only)
0 of 9 questions completed
Information
TAKE A FREE TEST! Thanks to the detailed answers to all the questions at the end of the test, you will be able to REDUCE the likelihood of illness DIFFERENTLY!
You have already taken the test before. You cannot start it again.
The test is loading ...
You must login or register in order to start the test.
You must complete the following tests to start this one:
results
Time is over
1.Can cancer be prevented?
The occurrence of a disease such as cancer depends on many factors. Not a single person can provide himself with complete safety. But everyone can significantly reduce the chances of a malignant tumor.
2.How does smoking affect the development of cancer?
Absolutely, categorically forbid yourself from smoking. Everyone is tired of this truth. But quitting smoking lowers the risk of developing all types of cancer. Smoking is associated with 30% of deaths from cancer. In Russia, lung tumors kill more people than tumors of all other organs.
Eliminating tobacco from your life is the best prevention. Even if you smoke not a pack a day, but only half, the risk of lung cancer is already reduced by 27%, as found by the American Medical Association.
3.Does being overweight affect the development of cancer?
Look at the scales often! Extra pounds will affect not only the waist. The American Institute for Cancer Research found that obesity triggers the development of tumors in the esophagus, kidneys and gallbladder. The fact is that adipose tissue serves not only to preserve energy reserves, it also has a secretory function: fat produces proteins that affect the development of a chronic inflammatory process in the body. And oncological diseases just appear against the background of inflammation. In Russia, WHO associates 26% of all cases of oncological diseases with obesity.
4.Does exercise help reduce the risk of cancer?
Spend at least half an hour a week exercising. Sport is on the same level with proper nutrition when it comes to cancer prevention. In the United States, a third of all deaths are attributed to the fact that patients did not follow any diet and did not pay attention to physical education. The American Cancer Society recommends exercising 150 minutes per week at a moderate pace, or half as much, but more active. However, a study published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer in 2010 shows that even 30 minutes is enough to reduce the risk of breast cancer (which affects one in eight women worldwide) by 35%.
5.How does alcohol affect cancer cells?
Less alcohol! Alcohol is accused of causing tumors of the mouth, larynx, liver, rectum and mammary glands. Ethyl alcohol decomposes in the body to acetaldehyde, which then, under the action of enzymes, turns into acetic acid. Acetaldehyde is the strongest carcinogen. Alcohol is especially harmful to women, as it stimulates the production of estrogens - hormones that affect the growth of breast tissue. An excess of estrogen leads to the formation of breast tumors, which means that every extra sip of alcohol increases the risk of getting sick.
6 what kind of cabbage helps fight cancer?
Love the broccoli. Vegetables are not only part of a healthy diet, they also help fight cancer. Including therefore recommendations for healthy eating contain a rule: half of the daily diet should be vegetables and fruits. Cruciferous vegetables are especially useful, which contain glucosinolates - substances that, when processed, acquire anti-cancer properties. These vegetables include cabbage: common cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli.
7 Which organ cancer is affected by red meat?
The more vegetables you eat, the less red meat you put in your plate. Studies have shown that people who eat more than 500 grams of red meat per week have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
8. Which of the proposed products protect against skin cancer?
Stock up on sunscreen! Women aged 18–36 are particularly susceptible to melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer. In Russia, in just 10 years, the incidence of melanoma has increased by 26%, world statistics show an even greater increase. The equipment for artificial tanning and the sun's rays are also blamed for this. The danger can be minimized with a simple tube of sunscreen. A 2010 study by the Journal of Clinical Oncology confirmed that people who regularly wear special cream suffer from melanoma half as much as those who neglect such cosmetics.
The cream should be chosen with an SPF 15 protection factor, applied even in winter and even in cloudy weather (the procedure should turn into the same habit as brushing your teeth), and also not be exposed to sunlight from 10 to 16 hours.
9. Do you think stress affects the development of cancer?
Stress by itself does not cause cancer, but it weakens the entire body and creates conditions for the development of this disease. Research has shown that persistent anxiety alters the activity of immune cells responsible for triggering the fight and flight mechanism. As a result, a large amount of cortisol, monocytes and neutrophils are constantly circulating in the blood, which are responsible for inflammatory processes. And as mentioned, chronic inflammation can lead to the formation of cancer cells.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME! IF THE INFORMATION WAS NEEDED, YOU CAN LEAVE A REVIEW IN THE COMMENTS AT THE END OF THE ARTICLE! WE WILL BE GRATEFUL TO YOU!
- With the answer
- Marked as viewed
Question 1 of 9
Can cancer be prevented?
Question 2 of 9
How does smoking affect the development of cancer?
Question 3 of 9
Does being overweight affect the development of cancer?
Question 4 of 9
Does exercise reduce the risk of cancer?
Question 5 of 9
How does alcohol affect cancer cells?
Diagrams of the location of the internal organs of a person with inscriptions by zones.
Knowing the structure of the body is the key to understanding the processes occurring in it and failures in work.
The set of obligatory knowledge for a person is constantly expanding. However, without a clear understanding of the functioning of the body, its needs and the interconnection of organs, all other developments of science and progress are useless.
Medical students study the anatomy thoroughly in detail. It is enough for the average adult to have an idea of the location of organs within themselves at the level of the school curriculum.
We invite you to refresh your knowledge in this area.
Location of human organs: photo with captions
The internal organs of the human body are compactly located in the body according to the conditional zones:
- chest
- abdominal
- large and small pelvis
The first zone is separated from the second by a diaphragm. The second and third zones do not have such a clear border.
The chest area, in turn, consists of:
- 2 lung spaces
- cardiac zone
The abdominal cavity is also divided into 2 components:
- directly abdominal
- retroperitoneal
Their functional tasks are fundamentally different from each other and at the same time are closely related.
So the organs of the chest are responsible for:
- breath
- assimilation of oxygen and disposal of exhaust air
- pumping blood
The abdominal organs provide:
- digestive processes
- assimilation of nutrients
- strength of immunity
- filtration of toxins, poisons
- participation with the hematopoiesis of his body, and in the female version - the fetus
- formation of acids for digestion
- hormonal regulation of the correct functioning of all abdominal organs
In the large and small pelvis, their tasks are carried out:
- waste material release
- breeding
- hormonal control of the organs of the considered area
By structure and outward appearance internal organs are divided into:
- tubular, or hollow - such as the stomach
- whole, without cavities - for example, the liver
- muscles contribute to the contractions of the organ,
- mucous membranes - moisture and absorption of substances,
- slippery outer layer - no friction between organs.
In our body, part of the organs are paired, for example, the lungs, part without a pair, for example, the heart.
See the internal structure of the human body in the photo below.
What organs are located in the chest: diagram with inscriptions
The chest is the place of dislocation of the respiratory organs, in particular the lungs.
- They occupy almost all of its space, especially at the moment of inhalation. From below, the lungs rest against the diaphragm. Around them - protection from the ribs.
- The bronchial tree branches out within the lungs and connects them to the trachea.
- Moreover, its left branch is thinner and longer than the right one.
The heart is the motor of your body that pumps blood through the vascular network. It is located between the lungs above the diaphragm, has a slight backward tilt. 2/3 of the hearts are on the left side of the center of the chest, and 1/3 on the right.
The thymus gland is a mysterious organ of the chest. Located in the upper part of the latter above the bronchial branch into the lungs. Participates in the work of the human immune system.
On the diagram of the chest organs, consider their location.
What organs are located in the abdominal cavity: diagram with inscriptions
The abdominal cavity is filled with more organs than the previous one. Let's consider their placement according to 3 parameters:
- centered
- to his right
- left
- The small intestine looks like a thin, tangled tube. It is formed in the place of narrowing of the stomach and is capable of reaching 6 m in length. Smoothly expands into the large intestine at the bottom right. The latter forms a semicircle clockwise along the entire space of the abdominal cavity and ends with the anus.
The intestine is the most important organ of the immune system. Due to its capacity for pulsating compression, poisons, toxins, and harmful substances are removed from the body.
The stomach is a sac-like expansion of the esophagus. Located just below the diaphragm.
- As it fills, it is able to change its size. People with an addiction to eating large amounts of food have an enlarged stomach.
- It is a reservoir for the accumulation and digestion of food, passing the first stage of assimilation of nutrients.
The stomach is a complete organ with multiple layers of muscle. Due to the reduction of the latter, food moves through the organ and further into the intestines.
The pancreas is located slightly lower under the stomach. She:
- participates in the process of digestion of food,
- produces juice to break it down,
- provides metabolic processes in the body, namely protein-carbon and fat.
The spleen provides hematopoiesis of an adult and a fetus in women. It is located behind the stomach. In appearance, it is an incomplete dense hemisphere.
Spleen:
- responsible for the production of lymphocytes
- accumulates platelets
- catches harmful substances and bacteria, filters them
- participant in the body's metabolic processes
- ambulance for erythrocytes and platelets with damaged membranes
The liver is a vital human organ. It consists of 2 lobes, of which the right one is much smaller than the left one.
The liver has the task of neutralizing poisonous and toxic compounds with their subsequent removal from the body. As well as:
- maintaining lipid balance
- assimilation of cholesterol and glucose
- withdrawal of excessive amounts of vitamins and substances of internal metabolism
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped sac that sits under the right lobe of the liver.
Its task is to accumulate bile coming from the liver and send it to the intestines. It helps to qualitatively digest food at all stages of its movement, starting with the stomach.
On both sides are the kidneys and adrenal glands.
The buds are shaped like beans.
- Located behind the abdominal organs closer to the lumbar region.
- The right kidney is smaller than the left. The weight of one varies between 100-190 grams, and the size is about 10 cm.
- The purpose of the kidneys is filtration and secretion of urine, regulation of chemical processes.
The adrenal glands are paired glands, representatives of the endocrine system. Responsible for regulating hormone levels:
- adrenaline
- genital - androgens
- corticosteroids
- cortisone and cortisol
- norepinephrine
The adrenal glands help a person adapt to new living conditions and cope with stressful situations.
A diagram will help you visually remember the location of the abdominal organs.
The structure of the pelvic organs: diagram with inscriptions
Since people are divided into two groups according to gender, the set of pelvic organs is not the same for us.
The small pelvis contains:
- bladder and rectum are common
- uterus and ovaries - in women
- prostate and testicles - in men
Let's dwell on the first two in more detail.
The bladder is piled on the pubic area. In the empty state, it seems to be flattened, and in the filled state it has the shape of an oval container.
Its task is to accumulate fluid from the kidneys and remove it from the body through the ureters.
The rectum is an extension of the large intestine. Located vertically down the far wall of the small pelvis.
Its task is to collect and remove waste material after the digestion process.
Between bladder and the rectum are:
- uterus in women
- prostate gland in men
A diagram with the location of the pelvic organs is presented below.
So, we examined the anatomical arrangement of human internal organs, got acquainted with their main tasks and activities.
Consciously study your body structure. Learn to listen to his needs and live in harmony with him!
Video: Human Anatomy. Where and what is located?
The human abdominal cavity has a special structure that significantly distinguishes us from other mammals. What is the abdominal cavity? This term refers to a part of the space in the human body, which is separated from the top by the diaphragm from the chest and contains the internal organs of the peritoneum. For the most part, these are the organs of the digestive and genitourinary systems.
Abdominal organs in the diagram
The topography of the abdominal cavity is as follows:
- The abdominal muscles (three wide and straight) act as its front wall.
- The side walls form some of the broad abdominal muscles.
- Behind the space is limited lumbar the spine with adjacent muscle fibers.
- The lower part of this anatomical structure is bordered by the pelvic region.
- The upper floor of the abdominal cavity is "covered" by the muscles of the diaphragm.
What is the structure of the abdominal cavity
The peritoneum is a thin structure composed of connective tissue, a large number strong fibers and epithelial layer - mesothelium. It lines the inner wall of the structure.
Mesothelium performs an important function - its cells synthesize serous secretions, which lubricate the outer walls of all internal organs in the abdomen. Since the organs and glands are quite tightly adjacent to each other, the mesothelial secretion reduces the area of their friction. Such a unique structure of the abdominal cavity in humans normally contributes to the absence of discomfort with minor changes in the abdomen.
But if a focus of inflammation occurs in this zone when an infectious agent enters, the person feels a sharp pain syndrome. At the first signs of inflammation in the peritoneal space, numerous adhesions are formed, which do not allow the infectious process to spread to the entire abdomen.
The peritoneal space is usually divided into the peritoneum itself and the retroperitoneal zone.
The organs of the abdominal cavity develop between the wall and the peritoneum. Growing up, they move away from the back wall, merging with the peritoneum and pulling it out. This leads to the formation of a new structural unit - the serous fold, which consists of 2 sheets. Such abdominal folds, originating from the inner walls of the abdomen, reach the intestines or other organs of the human abdominal cavity. The first are called the mesentery, the second ligaments.
Topographic anatomy
The upper floor of the abdominal region contains elements of the digestive tract. Conditionally, you can divide the abdominal zone of the body with a pair of vertical and a pair of horizontal lines that delimit the sections of the peritoneum. The topographic anatomy of the abdominal cavity is conventionally divided into 9 zones.
The location of the abdominal organs in its upper part (its other name is the omental opening) is as follows: in the right hypochondrium there is a liver with gallbladder, the stomach is located in the epigastric (median) zone, the spleen is located in the left hypochondrium.
The middle row is conventionally divided into 4 areas of the abdominal cavity: right lateral, mesogastric (umbilical), umbilical and left lateral. The following internal organs are located in these zones: small intestine, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, pancreas and some others.
In the lower row, the right and left iliac regions are distinguished, between which the hypogastric zone is located. In them lie part of the colon and cecum, the bladder, in women - the uterus with ovaries.
Depending on the degree of peritoneal coverage, the organs that enter the abdominal cavity can be located in it intraperitoneally, mesoperitoneally or extraperitoneally. The intraperitoneal position suggests that this internal organ is surrounded by the peritoneum on all sides. An example of such an arrangement is the small intestine. In the mesoperitoneal position, the organ is surrounded by the peritoneum only from 3 sides, as in the case of the liver. The extraperitoneal position of the organ implies its covering by the peritoneum only from the front side. The kidneys have this arrangement.
Anatomical differences between the male and female peritoneum
The structure of the abdominal cavity in all people is identical. Exceptions are congenital developmental anomalies, transposition (mirror location) of internal organs. But this case is very rare.
Due to the biological ability to bear and give birth to children in the female body, the structure of the abdominal organs is arranged somewhat differently than in the male. The abdominal space in men is closed in the lower part, while in women the fallopian tubes communicate with the uterus. Through the vagina, the peritoneum in women is indirectly connected with the environment. In a man, the reproductive system is outside, therefore there is no communication with the peritoneal region.
Serous fluid in the abdomen in men immediately covers 2 walls of the rectum - the front and back. The membrane of the peritoneum also envelops the upper part of the bladder and the anterior wall of the cavity. As a result of these anatomical features, there is a small depression in the man's body between the bladder and rectum.
In the female body, the serous layer of the peritoneum partially covers the rectum, and then the outer surface of the uterus and part of the vagina. This forms a depression between the rectum and the uterus, which is limited by folds on both sides.
There are also certain age differences in the structure of the peritoneum and the location of the internal organs of a person in it. For example, in young children, the thickness of the abdominal layer is much less than in adults. The reason for this is the poor development of the subperitoneal fatty tissue layer, which is typical for babies. In newborn babies, the omentum is short and thin, pits and folds are almost invisible on it. With age, these formations increase and deepen.