The condition for the recovery of patients is early and skillfully carried out strictly individual treatment, taking into account tolerance. drugs... A combination of specific and nonspecific therapy is advisable, in addition, stimulating therapy is used.
One of the oldest anti-syphilitic drugs are mercury preparations, the methods of which were described by Frakastoro in the 16th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, iodine preparations began to be used to treat syphilis, in the 20th century - arsenic and bismuth.
Currently, antibiotics, bismuth and iodine preparations are mainly used to treat syphilis.
From the group of penicillins used mainly benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin... These drugs are well absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly excreted. To constantly maintain the concentration of the antibiotic in the blood, the drug is administered intramuscularly every 3 hours. Long-acting penicillin preparations are used - bicillin(a single dose in adults is 1.2 million units, which is administered over 6 days). A single dose of Bicillin-1 is injected in half the amount separately into both buttocks in the form of a suspension in a sterile dose or saline. Bicillin-3 is administered at 100 thousand units 1 time in 3-4 days. Bicillin-5 - 3 million units 1 time in 5 days. 30 minutes before the first injection, antihistamines are prescribed (diphenhydramine, diazolin, suprastin, tavegil, pipolfen).
Erythromycin appoint 0.5 g 4 times a day 30 minutes before a meal or 1-1.5 hours after a meal. The total dose of the drug is determined by the doctor.
Tetracyclines should be taken with meals or after meals, 0.5 g 4 times. Long-acting tetracyclines include doxycycline, which is taken depending on the stage of the disease.
Oletetrin appoint 0.5 g 4 times a day. The total dose is determined by the doctor.
Patients with syphilis are selected those antibiotics that are suitable for this patient, taking into account their tolerance. Antibiotics should not be used in syphilis patients with bronchial asthma, urticaria, hay fever and other allergic conditions.
Bicillin should not be prescribed to patients with hypertension who have had myocardial infarction, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the endocrine glands, hematopoietic system, tuberculosis. It is not recommended for weakened patients, people over 55 years old and children to use a single dose of more than 1.2 million units.
Currently, new generation antibiotics and antiseptics are widely used.
Doxilan blocks protein synthesis in cells of sensitive microbes. It is used internally. Adults and children weighing more than 50 kg on the first day are prescribed 200 mg in 1-2 doses, then 100-200 mg per day for at least 10 days.
Retarpen- antibacterial agent. Blocks the synthesis of the cell membrane of microbes, causing their death. It is used intramuscularly, for children under 12 years old - 1.2 million IU every 2-4 weeks, for adults - 2.4 million IU once a week. With primary seropositive and secondary fresh syphilis - 2.4 million IU twice, with an interval of 1 week. In case of secondary recurrent and latent early syphilis, the first injection is performed at a dose of 4.8 million ME (2.4 million ME in each buttock), the second and third injections - 2.4 million ME with an interval of 1 week, for newborns and children younger age- 1.2 million ME.
Rovamycin- macrolide antibiotic. Stops protein synthesis. For adults daily dose for oral administration is 6-9 million ME, for children weighing more than 20 kg - 1.5 million ME / 10 kg per day for 2-3 doses. For children weighing up to 10 kg - 2-4 sachets of granules at 0.375 million ME per day, 1-20 kg - 2-4 sachets of 0.75 million ME, over 20 kg - 2-4 sachets of 1.5 million ME. It is prescribed intravenously only for adults. The contents of the vial are dissolved in 4 ml of water for injection and injected over 1 hour in 100 ml of 5% glucose.
Cephobid- the third generation of cephalosporins. It is used intramuscularly and intravenously. Adults - 2-4 g / day, children - 50-200 mg / kg of body weight, the dose is administered in 2 divided doses (after 12 hours). Adults should refrain from drinking alcohol during treatment.
Cefrivid used intramuscularly (dissolved in 2-2.5 ml of water for injection or 0.25-0.5% solution of procaine), intravenously (in 5% glucose solution, 0.9% NaCl solution). Assign 1 g 2-4 times a day for 7-10 days. The maximum dose is 6 g. Children - 20-40 mg / kg, with severe infection - up to 100 mg / kg per day.
Cefotaxime appoint intravenous and intramuscularly 1-2 g 2 times a day (maximum daily dose - 12 g), newborns and children - 0.005-0.1 g / kg per day.
Extencillin prescribed intramuscularly, deeply, by dissolving the powder in water for injection. For the treatment of syphilis - 2.4 million units every 8 days. The injections are repeated 2-3 times.
Unidox solutab blocks ribosomal polymerase and inhibits protein synthesis in microorganisms. It is applied orally, during meals, the tablet can be swallowed whole or diluted in water as a syrup (in 20 ml) or suspension (in 100 ml). Adults and children weighing no more than 50 kg should start taking 200 mg on the first day in one or two doses, then 100 mg once daily for up to 10 days (in severe cases - up to 300 mg). Children over 8 years old with a body weight of less than 50 kg - on the first day at the rate of 4 mg / kg in one dose, then - 2 mg / kg once daily. In severe cases - up to 4 mg / kg per day during the entire course of treatment. Cannot be combined with penicillin, cephalosporins and agents containing metals (antacids, iron-containing drugs), due to their ability to bind tetracyclines to form inactive compounds. In patients with impaired skin function, reduced doses are used. When administered, the drug is carried by the blood stream, deposited and retained for a long time in the internal organs, causing irritation of their neuro-receptor zones.
The most popular drug is biloquinol... Before use, it must be warmed up and shaken. Administered at the rate of 1 ml for 1 day for 3 days. The course is 40-50 ml intravenously and intramuscularly.
Bismoverol- a combined preparation of bismuth. Apply 1 ml every other day intramuscularly. Heading dose - 16-20 ml. After bismuth preparations, complications are possible: the presence of bismuth anemia, nephropathy, stomatitis, jaundice.
Iodine preparations are more often used in the form of potassium iodide, 2-3 tbsp. l. after meals with milk. Iodine tincture is used in increasing doses - from 50 to 60 drops in milk 3 times a day after meals. Sayodin is prescribed in 1-2 tabs. 3 times a day after meals. The tablets must be chewed before taking.
Miramistin- antiseptic. Increases the permeability of the cell membrane of microorganisms and leads to cytolysis. In addition, it also affects fungi and stimulates a nonspecific immune response. It is applied topically, for individual prophylaxis, by injecting 2-5 ml of solution into the urethra 2-3 times; on the day after sexual intercourse, it is necessary to urinate, wash your hands and genitals and treat the skin of the pubis, thighs, external genital organs with a stream of solution. After the introduction into the urethra, do not urinate for 2 hours. For women, the drug is also injected into the vagina at a dose of 5-10 ml.
In addition to the above specific drugs, patients are prescribed nonspecific treatment. This applies to patients with latent and late forms of the disease (neuroviscerosyphilis, congenital syphilis). Nonspecific therapy is prescribed to patients with infectious forms of syphilis.
These methods include: pyrotherapy, vitamin therapy, ultraviolet radiation, injections of biogenic stimulants (aloe extract, placenta, vitreous), immunomodulators (levamisole, methyluracil, pyrroxan).
Pyrotherapy- a method that enhances heat production, improves blood and lymph circulation in the affected organs and tissues, enhances phagocytosis.
Pyrogenal is prescribed intramuscularly, the initial dose is up to 50-100 MTD, then it is increased. Injected every 2-3 days, a total of 10-15 injections. The body temperature after administration rises in 1-2 hours, lasts up to 10-15 hours. The dose of prodigiosan is selected individually, the drug is administered 2 times a week in increasing doses.
Sulfazine injected intramuscularly, starting from 0.5-2 ml and adding 2 ml to 7-8 ml.
Immunotherapy is prescribed to patients with a malignant course of the disease, with latent forms of syphilis, and the presence of concomitant pathology. Biogenic stimulants: aloe extract, placenta, vitreous body. Assign subcutaneously to 1.0 ml for 15-20 days.
Levamisole prescribed in cycles of 150 mg for 3 days with weekly breaks, only 2-3 cycles.
Methyluracil appoint 0.5 g 4 times a day for 2 weeks, then after a 5-7-day break, repeat the reception.
Diuciphon appoint 0.1 g 3 times a day for 6 days. 2-3 cycles are carried out. Can be administered intravenously at 0.4 ml every other day.
Pyrroxan- detoxifying agent. Assign 0.0015 g 3 times a day in a 10-day cycle. Vitamins C and group B are required as an anti-syphilitic treatment for pregnant women and children.
Other nonspecific drugs are also prescribed: potassium orotate, pantocrine, eleutherococcus extract.
External therapy in the presence of highly effective methods is impractical. It is used only in isolated cases.
Local treatment is reduced to the hygienic maintenance of the affected areas. If the patient has ulcerative chancre with infiltration at the base, it is possible to prescribe warm baths, lotions with a solution of benzylpenicillin in Dimexidum, application of Acemin ointments, yellow, mercury, heparin. To accelerate the regeneration of weeping papules on the genitals and near the anus, powders and overlays in half with talcum powder, ointments with antibiotics are shown, with long non-healing gummoid ulcers 3-5-10% mercury and mercury-bismuth ointments are prescribed, 1-3% - naya erythromycin, 5% levorinic, 5-10% synthomycin, mercury plaster, local baths.
In the presence of rashes in the oral cavity - rinsing from solutions of furacilin (1: 10,000), 2% boric acid or 2% gramicidin.
In people of retirement age or with varicose veins, gums on the shins are torpid. Prescribe a dressing with powdered sugar or a dressing with a zinc-gelatin ointment according to Keifer for several weeks.
PREVENTION OF SYPHILIS
The task of the doctor is regular educational work, since recent sociological studies have shown how little the population (especially young people) knows about sexually transmitted diseases. It is necessary to talk with young people and girls as often as possible about barrier contraception. The use of a male condom protects against disease by 90%. Personal hygiene is the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The technique is as follows.
I. A man (after intercourse) washes his hands, releases urine, washes warm water with soap, the penis, scrotum, thighs and perineum. Rubbing the same places with a cotton swab moistened with mercuric chloride solution in a ratio of 1: 1000. A 2-3% solution of protargol, a 0.05% solution of gibitan is injected into the urethra with an eye pipette and does not urinate for 2-3 hours.
II. The woman washes her hands, releases urine, washes the genitals, thighs, perineum with warm water and soap. The same organs are treated with a solution of mercuric chloride in a dilution of 1: 1000. Douching of the vagina with a solution of potassium permanganate (1: 6000) with the introduction of a 1-2% silver preparation into the urethra. Lubrication of the cervix, vaginal mucosa with the same solution. You can enter a 0.05% aqueous solution of gibitan. Personal prophylaxis can be carried out independently by a person who is afraid of contracting sexually transmitted diseases as a result of accidental sexual intercourse. If it is not possible to perform the above preventive measures, douching with a strong saline solution of the genitals, urethra and vagina in women is recommended.
Not quite right? Do a site search!
Syphilis is a rather dangerous infection, which most often can be contracted through sexual contact, but the contact route of transmission of the disease is also not completely excluded. Today, with early detection of a problem, treatment has a high success rate. Let's consider in more detail: what antibiotics for syphilis can be used in modern medical practice.
The causative agent of the pathology is treponema pale. It is almost impossible to detect it under a microscope without the use of special coloring agents. This microorganism has a spiral shape.
Its feature is the preservation of sensitivity to antibiotics of the penicillin series. They are the basis of drug treatment. If it is impossible to use them, other antibiotics for syphilis can be used.
In the body of an infected person, treponema begins to multiply very quickly and spread through the bloodstream through the tissues, affecting the vital internal organs. Medicines should block these processes, covering all possible foci of infection.
During treatment, it is important not only to completely destroy the causative agent of the disease, but also to transfer the patient to the status of infectious safety as soon as possible in order to prevent infection of other people who come into contact with him. This is especially true for primary and secondary syphilis.
Despite the presence of a protective membrane in pale treponema, antibiotics can destroy it and provoke the death of the microorganism. Previously, only toxic agents based on mercury, bismuth and arsenic were used for this purpose, which posed the threat of fatal intoxication of the patient.
Now such measures are excluded due to the identification of groups of drugs that destroy treponema with minimal negative consequences.
Groups of drugs
Only a doctor has the right to select drugs for the treatment of syphilis. Self-administration of therapy according to any of the schemes can be very dangerous and, moreover, ineffective.
What antibiotics are used to treat syphilis today:
- penicillin and its derivatives;
- cephalosporins;
- tetracyclines;
- erythromycin;
- doxycycline.
Let us consider in more detail the features of the action of the main groups of antibiotics.
Penicillins
The basis of drug therapy for syphilis is penicillin. It has been used for more than a decade, but during all this time, pale treponema has not developed immunity to it, which makes it possible to continue using this remedy for treatment.
Other antibiotics in the treatment of syphilis are not able to have the same effective effect, however, there are worthy analogues and derivatives of penicillins.
When using these tools, it is important to monitor the patient's test results. After the disappearance of the signs of the disease, pale treponema can persist in the body, as evidenced by the identification of seroresistance.
It may be necessary to adjust the therapy regimen, the introduction of additional drugs, and auxiliary tests to exclude a false-positive result.
Advantages
The widespread use of penicillins in the treatment of syphilis is due to the following advantages:
- rapid manifestation of positive results, especially in the treatment of the initial stages of the disease;
- minimal risk of relapse;
- rapid relief of the infection, which prevents its spread;
- the rapid cessation of the production of antibodies in the patient's body, which indicates the effectiveness of treatment;
- relative availability, because the drugs are available in all clinics, as well as on sale in pharmacies, and their price is quite acceptable.
Possible reactions
A clear disadvantage of penicillin antibiotics is the increased risk of side effects and the manifestation of an allergic reaction to them.
The instruction for the drug warns of the risk of such problems:
- nausea;
- anaphylaxis;
- skin rashes, urticaria;
- Hoine syndrome;
- tinnitus;
- panic attacks;
- increased blood pressure;
- dysbiosis;
- candidiasis.
Types of penicillins and their purpose
Penicillins have a complex classification, and therefore, when determining which antibiotics to drink for syphilis, it is important to take into account the characteristics of each category and the nuances of the diagnosis.
The main classification criterion is the origin of the medicine:
- Biosynthetic... Extracted from molds. These include Benzylpenicillin, Bicillin-1,3,5.
- Semi-synthetic... Obtained by chemical reactions... These are Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Oxacillin, Ampiox and Augmentin.
In modern therapy, water-soluble biosynthetic penicillins are most often used in the form of solutions and powders for intramuscular injection. Such medicines are effective in the treatment of complicated types of syphilis, in the presence of HIV infection, as well as for congenital forms. During pregnancy, a woman can be injected with a drug in order to combat treponema in the body of both the mother and the fetus.
When diagnosing neurosyphilis, it is necessary to achieve the penetration of penicillin into the cerebrospinal fluid. For this purpose, the drug is administered intravenously by a jet or drip method.
To increase the effectiveness of therapy, it is necessary to prolong the presence of active substances in the body. To achieve this, so-called long-acting penicillins are used. They are excreted from the body within 2-3 weeks. The category of durat drugs includes Bicillin-1,3,5, Retarpen and Extensillin. This the best means for the treatment of early forms of syphilis.
With obsolete forms of the disease, it is necessary to maximize the concentration of the active substance in the blood. This is possible with the use of fast-acting penicillins. They have an enhanced effect on the foci of the presence of treponema, which leads to its complete death.
The disadvantage of such medicines is the need for their frequent administration at regular intervals. This makes it expedient to carry out therapy in a hospital setting.
If it is impossible to accurately determine the degree of prescription of the disease, means of medium durability can be used. These include Procaine-Penicillin. It provokes the death of both typical and modified forms of treponema.
Another advantage is the ability to adapt the course of therapy to outpatient conditions. However, it is not excluded side effects, including of a mental nature, since the substance is capable of influencing the patient's brain.
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are a worthy alternative to penicillins. The most commonly used ceftriaxone is a third generation antibiotic for syphilis belonging to this group.
Cephalosporins are administered mainly intramuscularly, since even with this use, active substances are able to penetrate into the patient's cerebrospinal fluid, which makes this drug an excellent tool for combating advanced forms of the disease and neurosyphilis. Pale treponema is completely destroyed by this antibiotic, but to achieve positive results, the duration of therapy should be at least 20 days.
Of the possible side reactions, the following are worth highlighting:
- allergy;
- exudative and toxic erythema;
- Lyell's syndrome;
- thrush;
- intestinal dysbiosis;
- nausea.
Reserve antibiotics
Reserve antibiotics are used for intolerance to penicillins and cephalosporins, as well as to prepare for the main therapy. Mostly these are tablets, which further reduces the effectiveness of their action in comparison with injectable forms of drugs.
They block the ability of treponema to reproduce and develop, but they are not able to completely destroy the bacteria.
Side effects from their use can be:
- allergy;
- nausea and vomiting;
- oppression of hematopoietic function.
The main drugs used for antibiotic therapy
From a huge list of antibiotics, the 10 best drugs can be distinguished, suitable for various clinical cases.
Let us consider in more detail in the table what antibiotics do doctors recommend to treat syphilis today:
| Name and photo | Short description |
| Penicillin
| It is the most effective drugs in the treatment of syphilis, but usually requires hospitalization of the patient, as it is quickly excreted from the body, which forces injections every 3 to 4 hours. May cause an allergic reaction. |
| Bicillin
| It belongs to the penicillin series, therefore it is also considered one of the main means for combating the disease. The dosage regimen varies depending on the stage of the disease and the type of drug used. Most often, Bitsillin-1, Bitsillin-3 and Bitsillin-5 are used. They differ in the concentration of the active substance and the rate of elimination from the body, which affects the frequency of its use. |
| Tetracycline
| It is used for short- and long-term therapy, mainly in the initial stages of the disease. During its use, prolonged exposure to the sun is not recommended, as well as the use of dairy products. Contraindicated during pregnancy, as well as for the treatment of preschool children. |
| Erythromycin
| It is a reserve antibiotic from the macrolide group. It is used to treat small children, as it has a non-aggressive effect. This feature requires additional prescription of bismuth preparations. |
| Ceftriaxone
| An excellent drug for the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis, an alternative option for allergy to penicillins. Suitable for outpatient treatment, but its effect is less pronounced than that of penicillin drugs. |
| Amoxicillin
| It is a semi-synthetic analogue of penicillin, but its effectiveness is significantly lower. Interacts with antibacterial drugs, these drugs suppress each other. It has good acid resistance, therefore it is available in the form of tablets. |
| Ampicillin
| It is also a synthetic analogue of penicillin. Due to its wide range of actions, it can be prescribed at the stage of primary diagnosis of the disease. It is recommended to combine with the intake of vitamins B and C. |
| Azithromycin
| The drug from new developments, practically does not cause serious side effects. With HIV infection, it becomes ineffective. |
| Doxycycline
| It is used both for basic therapy and for preparing the patient for the use of penicillins. The negative properties are photosensitization and suppression of bone growth in children. Contraindicated in pregnancy. |
| Sumamed
| Refers to analog drugs, prevents the progression of the disease. In the later stages and with neurosyphilis, it is used as an adjuvant therapy. It has a positive property to accumulate in tissues, but it has a negative effect on the liver and kidneys. |
Selection of a treatment regimen and its effectiveness
Treatment of syphilis with antibiotics is carried out according to different schemes, the choice of the optimal direction is carried out on an individual basis. It is preliminarily important to establish at what stage the disease proceeds, what reaction serological tests give, what substances the patient is allergic to, etc. The frequency of drug administration and the duration of the course is influenced not only by the stage of syphilis, but also by the concentration active ingredients in the selected antibiotic.
The early stages of syphilis respond well to treatment, even with the use of non-aggressive types of drugs. You can limit yourself to long-term antibacterial treatment, when using antibiotics, it takes an average of 2 to 4 weeks to achieve a positive result.
It is important to monitor the results of therapy and make the necessary adjustments in a timely manner. Later stages require more prolonged treatment, therapy may take several years.
Treatment can be divided into several stages:
- preparation- habituation of the body to the aggressive effects of antibiotics, the use of weak agents before the main blow;
- main course- it is assigned after the precise definition of the characteristics of the disease, carried out in a hospital setting;
- prevention- for 20-24 weeks, a repeated inpatient or outpatient course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed, aimed at eliminating surviving treponemas.
In medical practice, there are 5 main treatment regimens for early syphilis:
- preventive;
- ultrashort;
- specific;
- trial;
- preventive during pregnancy.
Schemes for different periods of syphilis are also distinguished:
- primary;
- secondary and early latent;
- tertiary, late latent and unspecified.
The effectiveness of the chosen scheme is indicated by the change in the test results in a positive direction. The patient remains on the register for several more years, as it is necessary to make sure that the disease is completely defeated, and not turned into a latent form.
Supporting activities
To make it easier for the body to cope with the disease and its consequences, it is important to take care of supportive measures during the period of active treatment. They are aimed at strengthening the immune system, reducing the risk of side effects from taking antibiotics and enhancing their effect on treponema pallidum.
The following approaches can be used:
- taking vitamins;
- addition of therapy with preparations of bismuth, arsenic, mercury (mostly homeopathic);
- taking probiotics and prebiotics to prevent dysbiosis while using antibiotics;
- the use of folk remedies to enhance the protective function of the body;
- limiting the time spent in the sun;
- adherence to the dietary recommendations of the doctor;
- exclusion of sexual intercourse until complete recovery;
- to increase the duration of the presence of active penicillin substances in the patient's blood, Probenecid can be additionally used.
To learn more about the use of antibiotics to treat syphilis, watch the video in this article.
Currently, microorganisms quickly adapt to the environment, change their properties. An example is the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.
The same applies to the symptoms of diseases. Due to the proliferation of various drugs, syphilis often occurs in an abortive form.
It means that clinical picture pathology becomes erased. Therefore, it is not always possible to suspect a disease.
For example, at present, such a symptom as chancre is found in only a small proportion of patients. In other cases, patients are worried only about unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse, burning or itching.
These symptoms can be confused with any other non-life-threatening infection. For this reason, at almost every visit to the doctor, the patient is given a referral to take a syphilis test.
This is especially true for women, since in the case of pregnancy, the disease leads to infection of the fetus and malformations.
Syphilis and stages of its development
Symptoms
The causative agent of syphilis is a bacterium that is difficult to see under a microscope even when staining the biological samples under study. Therefore, in medicine, it is called pale treponema.
Distinguish between congenital syphilis (develops when the fetus is infected) during pregnancy, household (when infected from common items), sexual (during intercourse with an infected person).
How is syphilis treated?
The most commonly used penicillin group is Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Doxacillin. These drugs are perfectly absorbed by the blood, and can be excreted without problems.
In order for a sufficient amount of antibiotics to accumulate in the blood, the drugs must be administered intramuscularly every 3 hours. Those that have a long-term effect are prescribed - Bicillin.
It is injected into two buttocks at once.
Half an hour before the injection is given, an antihistamine is necessarily used - Diazolin, Tavegil, Diphenhydramine.
Also, in the treatment, the antibiotic Erythromycin is used, it is taken 30 minutes before meals, the doctor prescribes the exact dosage. It is effective to use the group of antibiotics Tetracycline - Doxacillin. Oletetrin is also prescribed.
A patient with syphilis can be prescribed only one type of antibiotic, not all. The doctor takes into account how the patient tolerates the drug. Antibiotics should not be used in case of illness, if the patient has hives, bronchial asthma, hay fever, allergies.
The course of treatment is prescribed for those whose disease is contagious. Treatment methods include taking vitamins, ultraviolet irradiation, the use of immunomodulators, biogenic stimulants are used for injections - the placenta, aloe extract.
Improve heat production, improve blood circulation, restore work lymphatic system in tissues, organs that are affected. It is recommended to use Prodigiosan, Pyrogenal, Sulfosin injections.
In the case of a severe course, immunotherapy is prescribed, for this, biogenic stimulants are used. Treatment with Pantocrine, Potassium Orotat, and Eleutherococcus extract is prescribed.
They also prescribe a special treatment for ulcers, they recommend taking warm baths, making lotions, using a solution of Dimexide + Benzylpenicillin for them, using Acemin ointment. To speed up the healing of weeping papules, you need to use powder, talcum powder, ointment, which contains antibiotics.
If it spills out in the mouth with syphilis, you need to rinse with this mixture: Furacillin, boric acid, gramicidin.
For elderly people, you need to use a special dressing based on powdered sugar, you can use Keifer zinc-gelatin ointment. It is important to adhere to all the rules of personal hygiene, so you can protect yourself from a sexually transmitted disease.
Men need to wipe the genitals with a solution of Mercuric chloride. Protargol, Gibitan is injected into the urethra using an eye pipette, you can not urinate for about 3 hours.
Women need to treat their organs with a solution of Mercuric chloride, douche with preparations of silver, potassium permanganate, do not forget to lubricate the cervix, Gibitan solution is injected.
So, do not forget about preventive measures, use condoms, it is easier to prevent a sexually transmitted disease than to cure it. Syphilis is a serious condition that only needs to be treated under medical supervision.
It is important to try all the methods of treatment, then choose the most suitable one for yourself.
Bacteria infecting humans are sensitive to antibiotic drugs. It is they who are prescribed to the patient. As a rule, these are penicillins. However, patients often complain of allergic sensitivity to the drugs presented.
In this case, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines can be used. Also, these medicines are used in case of ineffectiveness of penicillin therapy.
The list of antibiotics for syphilis is as follows:
- retarpen;
- bicillin;
- tetracyclines;
- extencillin;
- sumamed;
- ampicillin;
- erythromycin;
- doxycycline.
Together with the presented therapy, vitamins and medications will be prescribed that increase the protective properties of the body. Perhaps the introduction of immunostimulants - intramuscular injections.
Immune medicines include: laferon, thymogen, methyluracil, thymalin. And stimulating drugs are plasmol and pyrogenal.
To achieve the best effect in the treatment of syphilis, physiotherapy is prescribed.
1. Inductothermy
Inductothermy is a type of electrotherapy. The technique is based on the use of a high-frequency magnetic field. In patients with syphilis, it is recommended to use inductothermy.
Preventive (preventive) treatment is carried out to persons who were in the lumbar region and combined with the administration of a centrally acting drug Etimizole. The drug Etimizol acts on the pituitary gland, which leads to an increase in glucocorticosteroids in the blood plasma.
2. Magnetotherapy
As I said above, during the period of bearing a child, syphilis is very dangerous.
Prevention of the presented disease is carried out in all medical institutions and includes the following activities:
- 1. All patients of general somatic hospitals are examined for the presence of this ailment in order to detect it early.
- Patients are identified among human donors in order to prevent transfusion syphilis.
- All pregnant women in the first two trimesters must be examined twice for the prevention of congenital ailment.
- All patients are subject to compulsory treatment, and imperfect and maladapted people with a severe course of the disease are necessarily hospitalized.
- Sanitary and educational work is being carried out in order to convey information about the disease to the masses.
The microbe enters the child's body through the umbilical vein, as well as through the placenta, starting from the 10th week of pregnancy. When a woman has secondary syphilis, the infection will occur in 100% of cases. In rare cases, children become infected in patients with a primary or late form of the disease.
Treatment takes place under the supervision of a doctor, often in a hospital and includes all the same measures that are prescribed to other patients. At the same time, antibiotics are selected with great care so as not to cause pathologies and abnormalities.
All treatment should be carried out before the onset of 32 weeks of pregnancy, and the subsequent one only after the baby is born.
If all therapeutic measures were carried out on time and successfully, then, as a rule, a completely healthy baby is born. At the same time, later treatment can make it difficult for the expectant mother to recover.
If a woman has already had this disease, has been treated and has already been removed from the register, then she can plan pregnancy. However, she will still have to be examined and undergo preventive therapy.
How long will it take for a complete cure?
Even if the disease is detected at the initial stage, the treatment will be long - about 2-3 months. Moreover, continuous medication is required. The second stage has been treated for about two years (and even longer). And throughout this time, any sexual intercourse is prohibited.
If the pathology is detected in the partner, he should also be subject to full therapy. Moreover, all family members will need to undergo preventive treatment.
Preventive therapy
- It is indicated for those people who, during the infectious stage of syphilis, had sexual or household contact. It is important that more than 3 months have passed since this moment.
- Injections of medications that contain penicillin will be prescribed. The course lasts half a month, subject to injections up to 8 times a day.
- When the patient cannot tolerate penicillins, they will be replaced with doxycycline, sumamed, clarithromycin.
When the period of contacting the doctor is more than 3 months, then an examination is prescribed with a general interval of a couple of months. If contact with an infected person occurred six months ago, then it is enough to undergo only one examination and treatment will be prescribed only with an accurate confirmation of the diagnosis.
Early treatment
Secondary and primary ailments are treated in the same way. The course of antibiotic therapy is 2 weeks. A large volume of prolonged-release penicillin will then be injected. In this case, for half an hour, the patient must drink an antihistamine drug (Tavegil, Suprastin).
It is difficult to answer the question: "Is it possible to recover from syphilis?" After all, it depends on the stage of the process and the individual characteristics of each organism.
However, in most cases, primary syphilis is treatable. With adequate drug therapy, you can completely get rid of the pathology within a few months.
Unfortunately, this does not apply to the later stages of the disease. To understand how to distinguish primary syphilis from secondary and tertiary degrees, it is necessary to have an idea of the symptoms of pathology.
After infection with treponema pale, an incubation period begins, which lasts about 3-4 weeks.
The drug "Ceftriaxone" for syphilis is also highly effective. It is easy to use (1 injection per day) and is approved for use by pregnant women. In addition, this medication rarely causes allergic reactions.
In addition to the listed medicines, other pills for syphilis are also used. These include the following medicines: "Azithromycin", "Sumamed", "Ericycline" and t / d
We can say with confidence that such a serious sexually transmitted disease as syphilis should be treated only with official medicine, since all other methods may not only be useless, but can also provoke a complication of the disease.
Infection occurs when pale treponema enters the body, and the first 5-6 weeks the incubation period lasts, after which the symptoms of the disease are revealed.
- Lymph nodes are enlarged;
- Ulcers appear on the affected area;
- The adjacent tissues are swollen;
- A red rash appears on the skin;
- Ulcers secrete pus.
The exacerbation lasts about 30 days, after which the symptoms of the disease subside, the ulcers scar, the discharge from the external genital organs disappears.
Gradually, the disease flows into a latent, latent form.
Launched syphilis gradually covers all internal organs, bones, joints, and the brain. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, the damage will affect vital systems, leading to chronic diseases nervous system, sexual pathologies, infertility.
In severe cases, the patient may be fatal.
Today, when handling in the early stages, antibacterial agents based on Penicillin are mainly used. When a patient has an intolerance to this drug, other antibiotics are used.
In severe stages and an advanced form of the disease, drugs of the macrolide and fluoroquinolone group, Tetracycline, Azithromycin are used. Treatment for syphilis with Ceftriaxone is used when the patient is allergic to penicillin and requires noticeable therapy.
When a visit to a doctor happened too late, you should not rely on a quick recovery. The treatment can take at least 2 years or more. In this case, the course will include not only pills, but also syphilis injections.
Throughout the treatment, the patient is obliged to take blood tests, which show how successful the therapy is.
If it is impossible to use Penicillin and its derivatives, a doctor may prescribe a semi-synthetic analogue of a well-known group such as Amoxicillin. This medication is intended for oral use, available in the form of tablets, capsules.
Despite the less pronounced effect, the agent has a suppressive effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, anaerobic bacteria.
The advantage of this medication is the absence of side effects, if you strictly observe the intervals between doses indicated by a specialist.
After no more than 2 hours, the active components of the drug are absorbed in the body, evenly distributed over all tissues, and begin an intense effect on pathogenic organisms.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin for syphilis is rarely prescribed to patients childhood and pregnant women.
Doxycycline, which can also replace penicillin antibiotics in syphilis, has a bacteriostatic property that inhibits biosynthesis in the treponema cell. In this case, the drug acts selectively, without affecting healthy cells, from which it is immediately excreted.
Doxycillin
Doxycycline for syphilis, as a drug of the tetracyclines group, is more often used to treat the primary and secondary forms of the disease, the course is 10 days.
When the disease is in the tertiary stage and there are cardiovascular disorders, Doxycycline can be prescribed as a preparatory agent before using Penicillin.
Syphilis pills
At the moment, several methods of treating syphilis are used, and you can get rid of the disease at any stage, just a neglected period will be more difficult to respond to therapy.
Before starting treatment, the patient must take a blood test. This procedure is repeated after the performed therapeutic actions.
The predominant pills for syphilis, especially in the early stages of the development of the disease, belong to the penicillin series. Such antibiotics are highly effective in combating the pathogenic pathogen, but at the same time, penicillin also has a number of disadvantages - these are allergic reactions.
If the patient has an increased sensitivity to this group, he is prescribed other drugs. Replacement therapy includes the following medications:
- tetracyclines (antibiotics);
- macrolides;
- third generation cephalosporins;
- fluoroquinolones;
- semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotics;
- aminoglycosides.
It should be noted that the treatment of syphilis with tablets in the early period of the development of the disease is about 3 months and with the right selection medicinal product and its dosage, such therapy has a positive effect.
Penicillin is the most suitable remedy for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. It is very effective for the patient, but due to the fact that patients may have allergic reactions, these antibiotics are not always prescribed to eliminate syphilis.
In the absence of contraindications and hypersensitivity, the following drugs can be used:
| Drug name | Group | Dosage | Possibility of use during pregnancy |
| Doxycycline | Tetracyclines | 300 mg per day for at least 10 days | No |
| V-penicillin slovakopharma | Penicillins | Adults 500 mg 2-6 times a day, children (5 to 12 years old) 250 mg 4-6 times a day. The course of treatment is a week | Yes |
| Vibramycin | Tetracyclines | With a body weight of more than 50 kg, 200 mg once or 2 times every 12 hours, 100 mg, then 100 mg per day once or 50 mg twice. With a body weight of less than 50 kg, the dosage is 4 mg per 1 kg of body weight on the first day, and then 2 mg / kg. | No |
| Minoleksin | Tetracyclines | The maximum dosage per day should not exceed 400 mg. On the first day, it is recommended to take 100 mg 2 times a day or 50 mg 4 times a day, then the recommended dosage per day should not exceed 100 mg. You can drink once or twice, 50 mg | No |
| Wilprafen | Macrolides | The standard dosage for adults and children over 14 years of age is 500 mg 3 times a day | Yes |
| Monoclin | Tetracyclines | 1 - 2 tablets per day with meals | Not |
| Rovamycin | Macrolides | The drug is prescribed orally 2-3 tablets of 3 million IU or 1.5 million IU 4-6 tablets per day | Yes |
| Spiramycin | Macrolides and azalides | Appointments for use are as follows: · 2 - 3 times a day, 6 - 9 million IU; · With a body weight of 10 to 20 kg, 0.75 million IU; · With a mass of more than 20 kg, 1.5 million IU per 10 kg. Before use, be sure to dissolve the contents. Injections of the drug are possible only for adults. | Yes |
| Tetracycline | Tetracyclines | Adults 250 - 500 mg every 6 hours, for children over 8 years old, tablets are prescribed 25-50 mg / kg every 6 hours | Not |
| Phenoxymethylpenicillin | Penicillins | Individually | Yes |
| Erythromycin | Macrolides | Assign to adults and adolescents over 14 years of age, 250 - 500 mg every 6 hours | Yes |
| Unidox Solutab | Tetracyclines | Calculated individually | Not |
Medication "Tetracycline" (tablets): what helps?
Despite the positive effect of the drug "Penicillin", in some cases it cannot be used. Unfortunately, in response to the introduction of this medication, a severe allergic reaction is observed in some patients.
In this case, the drug can be replaced with the drug "Tetracycline" (tablets). What does this medication help from? This question is of interest to patients with allergic diseases caused by taking a solution of "Penicillin".
This drug also effective against treponema pale. Its advantage is dosage form, as well as no need for nighttime use.
A representative of this group of antibiotics is the drug "Doxycycline". For syphilis, take 300 mg of the drug per day (3 tablets).
It should be remembered that tetracycline antibiotics should not be used during pregnancy and childhood.
Antibiotics for syphilis
1. Doxilan is used as an oral drug, destroys protein in sensitive cells.
2. Muramistin is the best antiseptic drug, it can increase cell permeability. It acts on the fungus. Use as a local drug, injected into the urethra, constantly treat the pubis, external genitals, thighs with it.
3. Retarpen refers to an antibacterial drug, does not allow microbes to develop, they begin to die. Used as an intramuscular injection.
4. Rovamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is administered intravenously and can only be used for adults.
5. Cephobid can be used for both adults and children, intravenously, intramuscularly. Do not drink alcoholic beverages during treatment.
6. Intramuscularly used Cefrivid, Cefotaxime. Sometimes it is given intravenously.
7. Extensillin is used deeply intramuscularly, the powder is previously dissolved in water and an injection is made.
8. Solutab unidox is used orally during meals, the tablet is swallowed whole, it can be diluted in syrup.
9. Please note that during treatment, cephalosporins cannot be combined with penicillin, as well as drugs that include metals - antacids, drugs with iron.
10. Patients who have serious skin problems need to use antibiotics in small doses, when the drug enters the organs with blood, it stays in them for a long time and begins to irritate them.
11. One of the popular drugs is Boyoquinol, before using it, heated, shaken. The combined drug is Bismoverol. Please note that it leads to various complications - stomatitis, anemia, jaundice, nephropathy.
12. Iodine is a part of Sodium, potassium iodide, you need to drink three tablespoons, wash down with milk. Tincture of iodine must first be consumed in small quantities - dissolve 50 drops in milk three times a day after meals.
The basis for the specific treatment of syphilis are penicillin preparations.
Treatment of syphilis with penicillin
The drugs of the penicillin group are used in the treatment of syphilis in a hospital setting. Water-soluble penicillin is injected intramuscularly every 3 hours, the novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin is injected 2 times a day.
Treatment of syphilis with durant drugs
Durant drugs are prescribed for the treatment of syphilis on an outpatient basis. Retarpen, Exencillin and Bicillin-1 are administered in a single dose of 2.4 million units. Such a dose ensures the presence of the drug in the blood serum for a long time - up to 2 - 3 weeks.
Exencillin and Retarpen are administered once a week, and Bicillin-1 is administered once every five days.
Treatment of syphilis with combined drugs
Combined drugs include penicillin preparations, which consist of 2 - 3 salts - Bicillin-3 and Bicillin-5. The frequency of administration is 2 times a week.
In some patients, a few hours after the start of treatment with antibacterial drugs (usually penicillin), the Herxheimer-Jarisch reaction develops, which is characterized by a sudden increase in body temperature, headache and muscle pain, vomiting, tachycardia.
This phenomenon is due to the mass death of pathogens. Symptoms are quickly relieved by aspirin.
Endolymphatic penicillin therapy
- Professor E. A. Batkaev (Department of Dermatovenerology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education) has developed a method of injecting penicillin directly into the lymphatic vessels - endolymphatic penicillin therapy.
- The method is recommended for use when it is required to create a higher concentration of antibiotic in the affected tissue, as well as in the treatment of neurosyphilis.
- Penicillin drugs are the mainstay in the treatment of syphilis.
Answer the question: "What drugs are most effective for syphilis?" definitely not. It depends on the body's susceptibility to antibiotics, as well as the sensitivity of the pathogen.
For the purpose of treatment, drugs are used: "Penicillin", "Ceftriaxone", "Doxycycline" and "Tetracycline". All of these medicines are effective.
Nevertheless, it is possible to select the necessary drug only after analysis to determine the sensitivity of the microorganism to various antibiotics. In some cases, patients have an allergic reaction to some medication, then it is replaced with another medication.
The drugs of choice are penicillin antibiotics, cephalosporins, tetracyclines and macrolides. All these groups of drugs are effective in the fight against treponema pallidum.
The pills for syphilis, which have been prescribed in the first place for many years, are the drug "Penicillin". Despite the long-term practice of using this medication, the pathogen has not lost its sensitivity to it to this day.
The introduction of the drug into the body is performed intramuscularly at 400 thousand units every 3 hours. The duration of therapy depends on the stage of the disease.
The drug "Penicillin" for syphilis of the primary form is administered for 14 days. This treatment regimen is prescribed for a seronegative course.
If the pathogen is actively detected or syphilis has already passed into a secondary form, then therapy lasts 16 days. After completing the course of treatment, it is necessary to introduce the medication "Bitsillin-5" in a single dosage of 3 million units.
People who believe that folk remedies they help very well in the treatment of the disease, they are greatly mistaken. Decoctions and tinctures made on the basis of medicinal herbs or vegetables should be taken in combination with antibiotics.
Garlic is actively used in the treatment of various sexually transmitted diseases. You can prepare the following mixture:
- Pour 200 grams of strawberry jam with water and bring the mixture to a boil;
- After that, six cloves of garlic and 0.4 liters of red wine are added to the product;
- 200 ml of apple juice and 100 ml of water are poured into the drink;
- All components of the mixture are thoroughly mixed, the agent is infused for two hours;
- Then the medicine must be filtered through cheesecloth.
You need to drink 0.1 l of the product twice a day. Before using it, you need to consult your doctor. You should not harbor vain illusions: it is impossible to completely cure syphilis with such a tincture.
At an early stage of the disease, the prognosis is quite favorable: a person needs to take medications endowed with antibacterial properties for three months.
With an advanced form of syphilis, the duration of treatment is at least 2 years. The patient is advised to drink medicines that enhance immunity.
At a late stage of the disease, bismuth derivatives or medicines containing arsenic are used. This is due to the fact that with an advanced form of the disease, pale treponema develops resistance to antibacterial agents, and the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment is noticeably reduced.
Diagnose on time
As you know, pills are prescribed only in the initial stages, more serious forms of damage require treatment in another way. For this, there are drugs in the form of an injection. On the this moment you can distinguish the following intramuscular or intravenous injections from syphilis:
- Azaran
- Oxacillin (semi-synthetic penicillins);
- Benzylpenicillin;
- Bicillin;
- Ceftriaxone-Akos;
- Natsef;
- Caesolin
- Megion;
- Cefebol;
- Rocefin;
- Lifaxon;
- Torocef;
- Procaine penicillin g 3 mega;
- Procaine benzylpenicillin;
- Retarpen;
- Tercef;
- Ificef;
- Lendacin;
- Oframax;
- Penicillin sodium salt;
- Erythromycin Phosphate;
- Kefzol;
- Lysoline;
- Ifizol.
It should be remembered that any pill for syphilis has its own side effects and contraindications. In no case should you self-medicate.
This can provoke severe allergic reactions, the progression of syphilis and further organ damage, as well as other complications of the disease. In case of successful treatment of the patient, doctors observe such patients for another 5 years.
If during this time the symptoms do not appear, it can be concluded that the recovery is successful.
Cephalosporins
In the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, antibiotics of the cephalosporin series are relevant, and recently they are also often prescribed for the treatment of syphilis. Ceftriaxone is used - a 3rd generation agent of this series.
Treponema pallidum is highly sensitive to this drug. The mechanism of action of cephalosporins against this bacterium is similar to that of penicillins, so the treatment time should be at least 20 days in the later stages.
This will ensure favorable long-term results of therapy.
If in this disease there are allergic reactions to antibiotics of the penicillin series, then this will become the main indication for the use of ceftriaxone. Cross-reactions are occasionally possible.
For the treatment of this sexually transmitted disease, other antibiotics are also used, as a rule, these are preparations in the form of tablets: tetracycline, erythromycin, doxycycline.
In terms of effectiveness, they are significantly inferior to penicillins and cephalosporins, because they act statically on treponema, i.e. only inhibit its growth and reproduction, but do not cause complete death.
The reason for the use of such drugs is allergic reactions to antibiotics of a number of penicillins and cephalosporins. Most often they are prescribed as a preparation before the main therapy of late syphilis.
Syphilis prevention measures
It is a highly contagious disease that can be contracted through sexual contact with an infected carrier. If the ailment is expressed in the form of eczema, rash, ulcers, then the likelihood of getting infected will rise a couple of times.
As a result, if a patient with syphilis is present in your environment, then you should provide him with separate personal hygiene products, dishes, and also avoid any contact with him at the infectious stage. You can't even touch it.
Doctors identified three general rules which you need to adhere to in order not to get infected:
- have one permanent and proven sexual partner;
- use condoms during intercourse;
- avoid any questionable relationships.
If emergency prophylaxis is needed, then it should be carried out immediately after direct contact (maximum after a couple of hours). To do this, wash the genitals with a cleanser, after which the man should inject an antiseptic into the urethra, and the woman into the vagina.
However, this does not mean that you are safe. I advise you to get tested at the local KVD in a few weeks. Before this period, it is useless to go to the doctor, because during the incubation period all your tests will show a negative result.
Post Views: 905
Treatment of syphilis should be started immediately after the first signs of pathology are detected, since this systemic sexually transmitted disease is extremely dangerous to human health and life. It is impossible to cure pathology at home, so you need to seek help from a medical institution as soon as possible.
Antibiotics for syphilis, used according to a specific treatment regimen, are the only condition for a complete cure from an insidious ailment. A venereal disease is caused by the bacterium pale treponema.
Initially, the disease was treated with mercury, bismuth or arsenic, but these methods of therapy caused a lot of side effects, since they were very toxic to the human body. Today, syphilis is successfully treated with antibiotics of different generations - penicillin, tetracycline, macrolides and cephalosporins.
Penicillins
Penicillin antibiotics are the first choice for syphilis. Medicines are indispensable for the treatment of pregnant women, with congenital pathology and neurosyphilis. Despite the fact that penicillin has been used to treat the disease for many decades, pale treponema still remains highly sensitive to this antibacterial substance, since it does not have any of the possible antipenicillin defense mechanisms. Therefore, penicillin therapy is still the main method of combating venereal disease.
There are a number of penicillin-based antibiotics that have been used successfully for syphilis. All of them are available in the form of a powder, from which a solution for injection is prepared by mixing it with novocaine. Injections are given intramuscularly according to the scheme recommended for each drug and stage of the disease.
- Primary and secondary syphilis are treated with Retrapen, Bicillin 3 and Bicillin 5. Injections are given once or twice a week at the appropriate dosage.
- For the treatment of tertiary (including primary and secondary) syphilis, Novocaine penicillin salt, Procaine-Benzylpenicillin and Benzylpenicillin sodium salt are used. Injections are given daily at a dosage designed for a particular stage of the disease. Therapy for tertiary syphilis is carried out in two stages.
The duration of taking antibiotics for syphilis is determined by the doctor in each case and can range from two weeks to six months. As an alternative to the above drugs, ampicillin or oxacillin can be prescribed - antibiotics of the semisynthetic penicillin group.
Antibiotic medicines in this group are well tolerated, but they can cause allergic reactions. If there is an allergy to penicillin, then it is replaced with macrolides or tetracycline antibiotics, while cephalosporins are not prescribed, since cross-allergy may develop.
Macrolides
Among the antibiotics of this group for syphilis, Erythromycin or Azithromycin is prescribed. Antibacterial substances do not kill the pathogen, but disrupt protein synthesis in the bacterial cell, that is, they have a bacteriostatic effect. The active components of the drugs poorly penetrate the blood-brain barrier, therefore they are useless if an unequal system is affected by the disease. In relation to other organs and tissues, macrolides are quite effective. Treatment with drugs from the macrolide group lasts from two weeks to one month.
The dosage for taking pills is selected individually, depending on the drug and the stage of the disease. The tertiary form of pathology is not treated with macrolides. Medicines are toxic to the liver and kidneys, therefore, the intake of Erythromycin or Azithromycin by persons with impaired function of these organs should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician. Antibiotics can cause negative effects such as nausea, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Tetracyclines
Antibiotics for syphilis from this group are Doxycycline and Tetracycline. The drugs are prescribed in case of allergy to penicillin, or as an addition to the complex treatment of pathology. Tetracyclines are effective in the treatment of primary and secondary syphilis. The therapy is carried out over a period of two weeks to one month, in the dosage corresponding to the drug and the stage of the disease.
Medicines have a bad effect on the organs of hearing and the liver, therefore they are not recommended for patients suffering from severe pathologies of these organs. Antibacterial substances from this group also disrupt the processes of formation and eruption of teeth, for this reason they are used only from the age of eight.
Medicines can cause various side effects, among which the most common are digestive tract dysfunction and a metallic taste in the mouth.
Cephalosporins
The only antibiotic from this group that is prescribed for syphilis is Ceftriaxone. It is prescribed as an alternative to conventional treatment or when it is necessary to carry out repeated therapy.
The drug has a bacteriostatic effect, is well tolerated, therefore it can be used immediately after birth, that is, in infancy... A contraindication to the appointment of Cefritaxone is the presence of an allergy to penicillin drugs, due to the likelihood of a cross-reaction.
All stages of syphilis are treated with a medication, including the congenital form. Primary and secondary syphilis are treated for ten days, one injection per day, tertiary - fourteen days at an increased dosage.
What antibiotics are used to treat syphilis and when is the disease considered cured?
Syphilis is dangerous for its complications, as pale treponema can infect and destroy organs and systems. It is strongly not recommended to self-medicate, otherwise the disease will go into an advanced stage, when it will be difficult to recover. In addition, each of the antibiotics has a list of contraindications and can cause side effects. It is helpful to study information about what antibiotics are used to treat syphilis. Knowing about the characteristics of drugs, it is easier to identify contraindications and notice the negative manifestations of the body during therapy.
What antibiotics are most effective
In addition to the conventional treatment with injection solutions containing penicillin, pills can be taken to get rid of the causative agent of syphilis. They are prescribed at different stages of the infectious process, but it is important to observe the dosage prescribed by the doctor. However, it should be remembered that the tablet form of antibiotics can cause various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, for long-term therapy, it is better to choose injections.
Popular medicines:
- Vibramycin contains 100 mg of the active substance doxycycline, which belongs to the tetracycline series of antibiotics. Effective against primary and secondary syphilis. The therapy is carried out for ten days, taking three tablets a day. If necessary, repeat the course of treatment.
- Retrapen is available as benzathine benzylpenicillin powder for solution preparation. It is used at all stages of pathology. The injection, prepared from the powder of one vial, is done once a week. The number of injections depends on the stage of the disease.
- Sumamed contains 0.5 g of azithromycin, which belongs to the macrolide group. The tablets are taken one piece four times a day. The primary infection is treated for ten days, the secondary - fourteen days.
- Also, a specialist can prescribe an effective modern remedy Zitromax.
Some patients are wondering which antibiotics are better for treating syphilis - pills or injections. Treatment with antibiotic tablets can be carried out at any stage of the disease, but usually this form of the drug is prescribed at the beginning of the development of the infection. To get rid of neglected pathology, large doses of antibacterial substances are required, introduced into the body for a long time, therefore, in this case, it is better to choose injection therapy.
Antibiotic rules
Since the disease requires an individual approach to treatment, no matter what antibiotics are used to treat syphilis, all doctor's prescriptions must be followed.
These include:
- completely abandon self-medication, do not listen to the advice of people without the appropriate specialty;
- observe the dosage and time of taking medications or injections, this is necessary to maintain the required concentration of antibiotic substances in the body;
- continue treatment for as long as the doctor prescribed, even if the state of health has improved;
- exclude alcohol for the duration of treatment, since antibiotics are toxic, and their combination with ethyl alcohol can cause severe poisoning of the body.
Antibiotic resistance
Since the sensitivity of the causative agent of syphilis is not assessed, therapy with antibacterial drugs is carried out empirically. As mentioned earlier, treponema pallidum is highly sensitive to penicillin, but the pathogen is capable of developing resistance to other groups of antibiotics.
Depending on the sensitivity of the bacteria to antibiotic substances, resistance may develop, in this case, after treatment, the pathogen may remain in an inactive state in the body.
When is syphilis considered cured
Qualified specialists say that complete recovery from syphilis can be guaranteed if the disease does not return within five years after treatment.
In a medical institution, the patient's recovery is recorded according to a number of criteria:
- the reaction of bladder cancer with cardiolipin antigen after a course of therapy is negative, or the amount of antibodies is significantly reduced (more than four times);
- there are no clinical manifestations of the symptoms characteristic of this pathology;
Blood tests are taken three times, the interval between diagnostics is three months.
Antibiotics for syphilis are an integral part of the quality treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Timely started therapy allows you to avoid the development of irreversible consequences in the form of infertility, destruction of joints, central nervous system and others. To choose the right drug, the specialist will need to determine the stage of development of the pathological process in the body and study the individual characteristics of the patient.
When is antibiotic use appropriate?
Antibiotics are used at various stages in the development of syphilis, but they become most effective at the initial stage of the disease. The action of such drugs ensures the suppression of the causative agent of the infection and the prevention of its further life in the human body.
There are several groups of powerful antibiotics used to combat syphilis:
- Penicillins.
- Macrolides.
- Cephalosporins.
- Tetracyclines.
Penicillins lead the list of drugs prescribed for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. This type of antibiotic belongs to the drugs of the first choice, as it is considered the most powerful in the fight against the causative agent of syphilis - pale spirochete.
Macrolides, cephalosporins and tetracyclines are reserve funds. Such drugs are prescribed to patients at high risk of developing allergies to penicillin-type foods. Traditionally, for syphilis, specialists avoid the use of ceftriaxone, which is prone to provoking cross-side effects.
How to choose the right product?
For the right choice antibiotic will need to undergo a detailed medical examination. The specialist announces the diagnosis and prescribes a specific drug after taking an anamnesis, examining the skin, genitals and lymph nodes of the patient.
When carrying out diagnostics, the results of the analyzes are of the utmost importance. For syphilis, it is typical to manifest itself 20-21 days after the penetration of the pale spirochete into the body. During this period, the seropositive stage of the course of the disease occurs, during which its initial symptoms appear, and laboratory tests with a high degree of accuracy reveal the presence of syphilis in the subject.
To confirm the presence of pale spirochetes in the patient's body, blood must be donated. This biomaterial is used for the following diagnostic measures:
- Wasserman reaction;
- immobilization reactions of treponema and immunofluorescence;
- microreactions on glass;
- enzyme immunoassay;
- passive hemagglutination reactions.
In addition to venous blood, a scraping from the surface of a hard chancre or a smear from the genitals is provided.
Antibiotic therapy is prescribed on the basis of a diagnostic examination, laboratory results and clarification of important characteristics of the patient's body.
The best antibiotics for syphilis: treatment regimen
The treatment regimen for syphilitic infection is selected by a specialist individually for each patient. When developing a therapy algorithm, it will be necessary to take into account:
- The stage and form of the disease.
- The age and state of health of the patient.
- The presence of concomitant diseases.
- The degree of drug intolerance.
- Features of the patient's lifestyle.
There are standard treatment regimens used at an early stage in the development of the disease, during the period of its progression, as well as developed for pregnant patients.
| Stages of development of the disease | Injection (intramuscular) administration of antibiotics | Tablets prescribed for penicillin intolerance |
| I-II stages of syphilis | 2,400,000 U of benzathine-benzylpenicillin or 600,000 U of procaine-benzylpenicillin (once a day in a 10-day course). | 500 mg tetracycline 4 r daily for 15 days or erythromycin (taken in the same way). |
| Latent period (lasting for 2 years) and benign form of the disease (not causing damage internal organs and central nervous system). |
2,400,000 IU of benzathine-benzylpenicillin (1 r per week, total - 3 injections) or 600,000 IU of procaine-benzylpenicillin once a day in a 15-day course. |
Tetracycline - 500 mg 4 r per day for 1 month or erythromycin (the regimen is identical). |
| Malignant form (affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems). | 600,000 IU of procaine-benzylpenicillin (1 injection every 24 hours in a 20-day course). | 500 mg tetracycline 4 r daily for 30 days or the same amount of erythromycin for a month. |
Preventive treatment (aimed at preventing the development of infection) becomes effective if the infection has occurred within the last 2 months. Sometimes a scheme is used that can suppress the pale spirochete in the first 2 days after questionable sexual intercourse. For this purpose, foreign drugs are injected intramuscularly - benzathine penicillin G or retarpen (2,400,000 IU 1 r per day).
The use of penicillin antibiotics
Most often used for therapeutic purposes:
- procaine-benzylpenicillin;
- benzathine benzylpenicillin;
- bicillin-1, 3, 5.
The correct dosage of the antibiotic becomes extremely effective early in the development of syphilis. In the later stages, an increase in the administered doses of penicillins is required.
Azithromycin
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to macrolides. This drug is able to prolong the therapeutic effect and prevent the development of complications.
The remedy is mainly used to treat uncomplicated forms of syphilis. Unlike some penicillins, azithromycin is less likely to have side effects on the patient's body.
The main condition for the successful fight against syphilis with this drug is the absence of other sexually transmitted diseases in the patient. According to the standard treatment regimen, the drug is taken in an amount of 0.5 g (daily for 3-5 days). The tablets must be taken before meals (1.5 hours) or after (after 2 hours). As with most antibiotics, the course of azithromycin treatment should be accompanied by the intake of probiotics that maintain the normal balance of the intestinal flora.
Prescribing a drug in the late stages of syphilis is not considered advisable, since this drug is not able to effectively fight advanced forms of infection .
The drug is taken twice a day, 200-300 mg. To avoid negative effects on the gastric mucosa, it must be consumed after or during meals.
Doxycycline is allowed to be washed down with milk. Many experts recommend the simultaneous use of antacids, which help protect the digestive organs from the toxic effects of the drug.
Sumamed
Sumamed is a macrolide prescribed in the first and second stages of the development of syphilitic infection. At later stages, the drug is not used, since it does not show the proper therapeutic effect in case of damage to the pale spirochete of the patient's nervous system.
The medicine is prescribed as follows:
- The initial stage of syphilis is 500 mg of the substance four times a day for 10 days.
- The second stage - the dosage remains the same, but the duration of treatment should be from 14 to 30 days.
In order to minimize significant dysfunctions of the digestive tract, products that normalize the intestinal microflora are often used in combination with this antibiotic.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin refers to semi-synthetic penicillins that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall of the causative agent of a venereal disease. The drug can be taken regardless of the period of food consumption. The dosage of the medicine is determined by a specialist. On average, it is 500 mg-1 g per dose twice a day. For patients with impaired renal function, the interval between doses of the drug is determined individually.
The duration of treatment with amoxicillin is 5-14 days. The medication should be washed down only with plain water without gas.
The use of amoxicillin rarely provokes unwanted effects. At the same time, this antibiotic shows a less pronounced therapeutic effect in comparison with penicillin injections.
Amoxiclav is also part of the penicillin group. This antibiotic is used in the treatment of syphilis due to its fast action and the absence of side reactions. The composition of the drug contains amoxicillin and clavulonic acid. The combination of such components becomes quite effective in suppressing the activity of the pallidum spirochete.
Amoxiclav is taken at 500 mg every 12 hours, twice a day. For complicated forms of the disease, a dosage of 500 mg of the drug is shown at 8-hour intervals (three times a day) or 825 mg at 12-hour intervals (2 times a day).
Erythromycin
Erythromycin, which is a representative of macrolides, is significantly inferior to penicillins in its effectiveness and is prescribed if there are contraindications to them. This drug is one of the safest, and can be prescribed in the early stages of venereal disease. Along with it, bismuth-based drugs are often used - bioquinol, bismoverol. In the case of the development of neurosyphilis, erythromycin does not show the necessary therapeutic effect.
The antibiotic is taken with food at regular intervals. Daily rate is 1.5 g per day. The duration of treatment is up to 3 weeks. To completely normalize the condition, several courses with erythromycin will be required (at the primary stages - 2, with fresh secondary syphilis - up to 5). In cases of the development of a secondary recurrent form of the disease, there is a need for 6 courses of treatment. Between the stages of therapy, it is necessary to take breaks (lasting one month).
In the process of antibiotic treatment, the use of additional drugs becomes mandatory:
- antifungal agents;
- vitamin complexes;
- immunomodulators.
To eliminate syphilitic rash, patients are prescribed local remedies - levomekol or synthomycin emulsion.
Patient recovery rates
Incompletely cured syphilis can lead to various complications in the form of damage to the central nervous system, impairment of hearing and vision, liver diseases, ulcerative changes in skin, joint atrophy, vascular disorders. That is why, after the end of the course of antibiotic therapy, specialists determine the degree of cure of the patient. It is assessed by the attending physician by passing non-treponemal examinations (tests). These include:
- Microprecipitation reaction with cardiolipin antigen.
- Blood test for RW.
All tests performed must show negative results. Titers of nonspecific antibodies, in comparison with primary analyzes, should be reduced by up to several times.
After taking antibiotics and contact with the pale spirochete, the patient's body is always weakened. During the recovery period, it is important to avoid re-infection with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases in every possible way. It is also recommended to consult a specialist regarding the enhancement of the immune status.