We continue to prepare for the Unified State Exam. This time, the guys who passed physics with 90+ points are sharing their advice.
YOU NEED TO BE ABLE TO WORK WITH A CALCULATOR
Roman Dubovenko, 98 points
I prepared for two months, and after the trial exams they predicted a maximum of 60 points for me. I can give some advice to graduates: you solve a book with 30 options - this is for part A. Just do each number 30 times, sort out the mistakes, watch how the compilers catch the children inattentively.
Now part C.
There are certain models and methods for solving problems, each section has its own. You receive a task, remember the topic, related formulas, a drawing and express the value that is asked. In physics, it is best to do alphabetic expressions and use the calculator only once (you get rid of errors and mathematical errors). Physicists also love to see the final formula.
Therefore, you need to be able to work with a calculator. And be sure to check the batteries, the numbers should be clear on the display - this is the easiest way to find out how it works.
You monotonously analyze the approaches, but there is always a drawing in the approach, remember this.
I went to the exam with full confidence that I would pass, because I ruined the result in mathematics due to my own stupidity and understood that I would not make a detailed mistake in physics. The entire part A was similar to the one I solved during the year, only three tasks were new. Part B is easy. In Part C, always check C5 with bated breath - quantum or electrodynamics. Because the most difficult section is electrodynamics. There I made a mistake, incorrectly giving the co-function of the angle. Well, what can you do? I was incredibly happy about the points, I was only upset because I didn’t give my teacher 100 points.
EVERYTHING TURNED OUT MUCH EASIER THAN I EXPECTED
Anna Kharchina, 96 points
Let me start with the fact that until the 10th grade I didn’t understand physics at all. But when we were asked to choose a major at school for grades 10-11, I had no option other than physics and mathematics. According to the program, we had two hours of physics per week + four hours of electives. In regular lessons we looked at theory, but in electives we delved deeper and solved problems. I am very grateful for my preparation to my school teacher, who taught the theory in a very accessible and systematic way.
In addition to schoolwork, I had two hours a week of tutoring. With him, we basically consolidated the given theory and worked on problem areas. At home, I worked through the problem book from cover to cover on my own.
I would like to advise you to keep careful notes on the theory so that everything is immediately sorted into shelves in your head. Get a notebook with formulas (a thin notebook for foreign words will do): write the formula and unit of measurement there, write all formulas by section (mechanics, molecular science, thermodynamics, etc.). The fact that all the formulas are in one place will help both in solving problems and in directly preparing for the exam.
Solve problems from resources on the Internet (but sometimes there are problems that are not included in the school curriculum). Solve not by options, but by problem numbers. For example, you choose the first task, choose a topic, print all the problems on this topic and solve it. If there are no particular problems with parts A and B, then they can be solved as a whole option, but in part C, I recommend solving problems by task numbers (for example, this month I am only doing task 27).
Have a good calculator (costs ~800 rubles) that calculates trigonometry and everything else. It is very important to buy it in advance and learn how to use it! If you learn all the functions of the calculator, you will be able to perform calculations at the click of a finger.
During the exam itself, start with the test, and if something doesn’t work out from there, leave it and move on. Before part C, I advise you to take a break, eat chocolate and the like - give your brain a break. If you cannot solve something in part C, then draw pictures and write the entire theory that relates to this problem (this way you can get two points out of three for the problem). Don’t forget that there are no problems on the Unified State Exam that are not from the school course, and in principle, everything should be within your power.
Physics was the most important subject for me. And most of the time was spent on preparing for it. As a result, physics turned out to be the easiest subject of all that I took (Russian, mathematics major), and it was in this subject that I scored the most points. I would like to say that due to the abolition of answer options, the organizers made part C simpler in order to avoid blockages. That is why everything turned out to be much easier than I imagined. I had one mistake in the test and one in part C. All the problems from this part were familiar to me and had already been solved by me before, except for one (number 28), and I could not complete it.
If you are well prepared, do not be afraid of anything, believe in yourself and in your success. Treat the exam as a normal option. As you sit down in class, mentally say to yourself, “This is just an option that I need to work hard on right now. I will succeed".
And if you are not very prepared, then you still have enough time to fix it.
Photo from Instagram @_lenasstudu_
Depending on your goal, free time and level of mathematical preparation, several options are possible.
Option 1
The goal is “for yourself”, the deadlines are not limited, mathematics is also almost from scratch.
Choose a line of textbooks that is more interesting, for example, and study it, taking notes in a notebook. Then go through the textbooks of G. Ya. Myakishev and B. B. Bukhovtsev for grades 10-11 in the same way. Consolidate your knowledge - read.
If G. S. Landsberg's manuals do not suit you, and they are specifically for those who study physics from scratch, take the line of textbooks for grades 7-9 by A. V. Peryshkin and E. M. Gutnik. There is no need to be embarrassed that this is for young children - sometimes even fifth-year students without preparation “swim” in Peryshkin for 7th grade already from the tenth page.
How to practice
Be sure to answer the questions and complete the tasks after the paragraphs.
At the end of the notebook, make yourself a reference book on basic concepts and formulas.
Be sure to find videos on YouTube with physical experiments that appear in the textbook. Look through and take notes according to the scheme: what did you see - what did you observe - why? I recommend the resource - all experiments and theory for them are systematized there.
Immediately start a separate notebook for solving problems. Start with and solve half of the tasks from it. Then solve by 70% or, as an option - “for 10-11 grades G.N. and A.P. Stepanov.
Try to decide for yourself, look in the solution book as a last resort. If you encounter a difficulty, look for an analogue of the problem with analysis. To do this, you need to have 3-4 paper books on hand, where solutions to physical problems are discussed in detail. For example, N. E. Savchenko or books by I. L. Kasatkina.
If everything is clear to you, and your soul asks for complex things, take it for specialized classes and solve all the exercises.
We invite everyone who wants to study physics
Option 2
The goal is a Unified State Examination or another, the period is two years, mathematics is from scratch.
Handbook for schoolchildren by O. F. Kabardin and “Collection of problems in physics” for grades 10-11 by O. I. Gromtseva O. I. (“tailored” for the Unified State Exam). If the exam is not the Unified State Exam, it is better to take the problem books of V. I. Lukashik and A. P. Rymkevich or “Collection of questions and problems in physics” for grades 10-11 by G. N. Stepanova, A. P. Stepanova. Do not hesitate to refer to the textbooks of A.V. Peryshkin and E.M. Gutnik for grades 7-9, or better yet, take notes on them too.
Persistent and hardworking people can go through the entire book by V. A. Orlov, G. G. Nikiforov, A. A. Fadeeva and others. This manual has everything you need: theory, practice, tasks.
How to practice
The system is the same as in the first option:
- keep notebooks for taking notes and solving problems,
- take notes and solve problems in your notebook yourself,
- view and analyze experiments, for example, on.
- If you want to most effectively prepare for the Unified State Exam or Unified State Exam in the remaining time,
Option 3
The goal is the Unified State Exam, the deadline is 1 year, mathematics is at a good level.
If mathematics is normal, you don’t have to turn to textbooks for grades 7-9, but immediately take grades 10-11 and O. F. Kabardin’s reference book for schoolchildren. The Kabardin manual contains topics that are not in textbooks for grades 10-11. At the same time, I recommend watching videos with experiments in physics and analyzing them according to the scheme.
Option 4
The goal is the Unified State Exam, the deadline is 1 year, mathematics is at zero.
It is unrealistic to prepare for the Unified State Exam in a year without a foundation in mathematics. Unless you do all the points from option No. 2 every day for 2 hours.
Teachers and tutors at the Foxford online school will help you achieve maximum results in the remaining time.
At meetings with classmates, friends still make fun of me, remembering the heart-rending screams of the physics teacher “What kind of acceleration can a horse have!!!”, followed by unprintable expressions that I will not give here. Physics was my favorite subject at school and only a couple of students in the class, including me, were able to successfully solve problems on it. Now students come to me to learn how to solve problems in physics. The overwhelming majority formulate their problems as follows: “in physics, I understand and know the whole theory, but I can’t solve the problems.”
This is the first misconception that a student needs to get rid of. Only a deep understanding of the theory will give us the key to solving problems. The problem of solving problems is faced primarily by those who do not sufficiently understand the theoretical material. I noticed that schoolchildren simply do not open the theoretical part of the textbook, which is only 1-2 pages away from the given task. The statement “I understand the theoretical part” is based on the fact that he heard the teacher’s explanation in class and did not have any questions. But the teacher’s explanation does not exhaust the material necessary to solve problems! What I am trying to convey to schoolchildren is the need to read and look for answers to questions that will certainly arise during the reading process. Long live progress, finding the answer to a question in physics is not difficult now - GOOGLE knows everything.
My main task, as a physics tutor, is, first of all, to teach a child to formulate questions, and for this, first of all, he must learn to read thoughtfully. If a student does not have questions while studying, this is a sure sign that he does not understand the material. Well, and as a result - problems with solving problems.
Now I will explain in more detail what it means not to understand the theory. This is, first of all, not knowing the connections between the formulas that are given in the theoretical part of the textbook. To do this, you need to carry out all the calculations and evidence yourself. During the process of proof, several questions will arise, having dealt with which, the student will learn the theoretical part of the material and, therefore, make it easier for himself to solve problems on this topic.
Having calculated g in this way, it would not be out of place to note that this same constant can be calculated experimentally by throwing a ball from a height and timing the fall time, thereby recalling the formulas describing free fall. In general, it is always useful to make comments based on the material covered as often as possible. Then students will perceive each topic in connection with the previous ones, and the likelihood of hearing questions from him on the topic will be much higher. A correctly formulated question is already half the answer.
Problems often arise during calculations using formulas. It would seem - what would be easier - to substitute the numbers given in the problem statement into the ready-made formula and calculate the answer using a calculator. No such luck - the answer does not add up. What could be the problem? Most often this is a discrepancy between dimensions - for example, the length is given in meters, and the speed is given in kilometers per second. So, the first question that a student should ask himself is whether everything is in order in his problem with dimensions, and only after bringing the dimensions can he begin to substitute data into formulas.
Well, the second problem, no less common, is basic ignorance of mathematics and the inability to apply mathematical skills in life. 99.9% of students try to make their lives easier with enviable persistence by typing endless zeros into the calculator window. But this is the very case where laziness is the engine of progress. But no, in physics class all the knowledge acquired in mathematics class evaporates without a trace. Here and now is the time to show the student why this knowledge may be needed.
Of course, the problems described are not the only ones when solving problems in physics, but by solving at least them, you will already feel an improvement in the situation and will help your children get rid of the fear of problems, and perhaps even instill an interest in solving unfamiliar problems.
What recommendations can I give to parents? Before calling the tutor, have your child read the last physics paragraph assigned to him, which precedes the problems with which he has problems. Ask him the questions that are at the end of each paragraph. Try to reason with your child when answering the question. You can even have a discussion. To do this, of course, you will also have to look through the textbook, which contains “a lot of letters.” Again, there is Google, which knows everything. It's a rocky road, but it can bring wonderful results. If the problem still remains, there are more than enough tutors. It is important to avoid a situation in which the tutor simply decides homework for his student in class. I believe that my task is to teach how to solve independently, to find the necessary information for a solution in a textbook and on the Internet, and for this ask and formulate questions correctly.
In the following Notes I will tell you how to check the correctness of the solution to a problem if it is not possible to spy on the answer. This can be useful on tests and, in addition, helps you remember the necessary formulas.
With the kind permission of the administration, I add my contact information:
Skype: olga.kalyakina
email: [email protected]
Tel. 8-9649559520
Knowing physics means being able to see more in ordinary things than others. Knowledge in the field of physics allows you to better understand the laws of nature, to realize how interesting everything actually works in this world. Physics makes the world around us multifaceted, bright and full, and life is full of interesting discoveries. To know the basic laws of physics and be able to use your knowledge in life, it is not at all necessary to graduate from a university in this field. If you really want to, you can learn the basics on your own.
Anyone who wants to understand the fundamental laws of physics has virtually unlimited access to specialized sources of information. They can provide a lot of useful information and data to a person studying physics independently. modern popular science magazines, including their virtual versions, which can be easily found on the Internet. It is best to learn physics not from dry school textbooks and literature for higher and secondary educational institutions of the relevant profile, but from modern popular science magazines, in which even the formula is interpreted in the form of an artistic narrative, which greatly facilitates their understanding, assimilation and memorization. Learning physics from such publications is a pleasure. It is interesting, useful, develops memory and logical thinking, and also, undoubtedly, broadens one’s horizons and makes a person comprehensively developed, progressive, keeping up with the times.
When studying physics, the main thing is not to miss the moment when you need to move from theory to practice, since interest in “book” science will fade away sooner or later. If theoretical knowledge is not tested in practice, the student may very soon “burn out” and abandon the study of physics forever, never having learned the true mystery of this unique science. You can even practice at home, conducting some primitive experiments from the school physics course. This will not require large investments - all experiments are carried out using improvised means, inexpensive electronics and various tools that are found in every home. You can find recipes for physical experiments here on the Internet. On specialized portals and forums dedicated to physics and its laws, applied science and various practical developments, you can find many friends with similar interests and find out what experiments can be carried out at home, safely, and usefully for business. Here you can also find out where to purchase everything you need to test physical laws in practice.
Everything that happens in our world happens due to the influence of certain forces in physics. And you will have to learn each of them, if not at school, then certainly at college.
Of course, you can try to memorize them. But it will be much faster, more fun and interesting to simply understand the essence of each physical force and how it interacts with the environment.
Forces in nature and fundamental interactions
There are a huge number of forces. Archimedes force, gravity force, Ampere force, Lorentz force, Coreolis force, rolling friction force etc. Actually, it is impossible to learn all the powers, since not all of them have been discovered yet. But this is also very important - all forces known to us, without exception, can be reduced to the manifestation of the so-called fundamental physical interactions.
There are 4 fundamental physical interactions in nature. It would be more accurate to say that people know 4 fundamental interactions, and at the moment no other interactions have been discovered. What are these interactions?
- Gravitational interaction
- Electromagnetic interaction
- Strong interaction
- Weak interaction
Thus, gravity is a manifestation of gravitational interaction. Most mechanical forces (frictional force, elastic force) are a consequence of electromagnetic interaction. The strong interaction holds the nucleons of an atom's nucleus together, preventing the nucleus from decaying. The weak interaction causes free elementary particles to disintegrate. At the same time, electromagnetic and weak interactions are combined into electroweak interaction.
A possible fifth fundamental interaction (after the discovery Higgs boson) are called Higgs field. But everything in this area has been studied so little that we will not rush to conclusions, but rather wait to see what scientists from CERN tell us.
There are two ways to learn the laws of physics.
First– it’s stupid to learn meanings, definitions, formulas. A significant drawback of this method is that it is unlikely to help answer additional questions from the teacher. There is another important disadvantage of this method - by learning this way, you will not get the most important thing: understanding. As a result, memorizing a rule/formula/law or whatever allows you to acquire only fragile, short-term knowledge on the topic.
Second way– understanding of the material being studied. But is it so easy to understand what (in your opinion) is impossible to understand?
There is, there is a solution to this terribly difficult but solvable problem! Here are a few ways to learn all the forces in physics (and in any other subject):
On a note!
It is important to remember and know all the physical forces (or learn the entire list of them in physics) in order to avoid awkward misunderstandings. Remember that the mass of a body is not its weight, but a measure of its inertia. For example, in conditions of weightlessness, bodies have no weight, because there is no gravity. But if you want to move a body in zero gravity, you will have to influence it with a certain force. And the higher the body weight, the more force will have to be used.
If you can imagine how a person's weight can change depending on the choice of planet, you will be able to quickly understand the concept of gravitational force, the concepts of weight and mass, acceleration force and other physical forces. This understanding will bring with it a logical awareness of other processes taking place, and as a result you will not even have to memorize the incomprehensible material - you will be able to remember it as you go. It is enough to simply understand the essence.
- To understand the electromagnetic effect, it will be enough to simply understand how current flows through a conductor and what fields are generated, and how these fields interact with each other. Consider this using simple examples, and it will not be difficult for you to understand the principles of operation of an electric motor, the principles of burning a light bulb, etc.
The teacher will primarily be concerned with how well you understand the material you have studied. And it’s not so important whether you remember all the formulas by heart. And in case of solving tests, laboratory problems, practical work, or they will always be able to help you our specialists, whose strength lies in knowledge and many years of practical experience!